(翻译的性质和类型doc.docVIP

第1章 绪论 1.1 翻译的性质和类型 1.1.1 翻译的概念 1) 翻译是跨语言(cross-linguistic)，跨文化(cross-cultural)，跨社会(cross-social)的交际活动。 2) 翻译是一种语言文化承载的意义转换到另一种语言文化中的跨语言，跨文化的交际活动。 Translation is a representation or recreation in one language of what is written or said in another language. 翻译的本质是释义,是意义的转换. Translation is always meaning-based. 1.1.2 对翻译的性质，有过许多描述，其中奈达(Eugene.A.Nida)的论述是:“翻译是指从语义到文体在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原文的信息。” Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor/target language, the closet natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style. 1.1.3 翻译是科学(science)，是艺术(art)，是技能(craft) 翻译是科学，因为它涉及思维和语言,反映了存在与认识,主体与客体的关系,这种关系可用受一定规律支配的语言加以描述,翻译有科学规律可循,所以是科学。 Translation is a kind of science because it has a whole set of rules governing it and certain objective laws to go by in the process of translating just as other sciences do. 翻译是艺术，因为翻译是译者对原文再创造的过程。译者不可避免地带有自己的主观色彩，有他自己的独创性。 Translation is also an art, a bilingual art. Like painting, translation enables us to reproduce the fine thought of somebody, not in colors, but in words, in words of a different language. 翻译是技能，译者需采用增词，减词，切分,转换等方法。 Besides, it’s also a craft, because in translation, certain skills and technique are needed in order to attain clearness of style, and fluency in language. What is the difference between a translator and a writer, or “reproducing” and “writing”? In his talk on literary translation published in 1954 Guo Moruo pointed out, “ Translation is creative work. Good translation is as good as writing and may be even better than it. Sometimes translation is more difficult than writing. A writer must have experience in life, but a translator has to experience what the writer has experienced. At the same time, a translator must not only be proficient in his mother tongue but also have a very good foundation in a foreign language. Therefore, translation is not easier than writing at all.” Writers can decide: 1) what to write (content);