大学毕设论文__煤油冷却器的设计.doc

摘要 冷凝器是使用范围很广的一种化工设备，属于换热器的一种。本设计任务主要是根据已知条件选择采用固定管板式换热器的设计,固定管板式换热器的优点是锻造用量少，成本低;传热面积比浮头热交换器小20％至30％小，旁通流大。 本台换热器主要完成的是煤油-水之间的热量交换,首先根据给出的设计温度和设计压力来确定设备的结构形式以及壳程和管程的材料，然后根据物料性质和传热面积来确定换热管的材料，尺寸，本次设计的主要设计参数为：管程介质为水，温度由30℃加热到42℃ ，工作压力，流量为 ，壳程介质为煤油，入口温度1380C，出口温度40℃、压力为，流量为。，传热面积为22.38㎡，采用Φ25×2.5×4500的无缝钢管换热，则可计算出58根换热管，D=325mm的圆筒根据换热管的根数确定换热管的排列，并根据换热管的排列和长度来确定筒体直径以及折流板的选择。通过对容器的内径和内外压的计算来确定壳体和封头的厚度并进行强度校核。然后是对换热器各部件的零部件的强度设计，有法兰的选择和设计计算与校核，钩圈及法兰的设计计算与校核和管子拉脱力的计算。还包括管板的结构设计、防冲挡板、支座设计。结构设计中的标准件可以参照国家标准根据设计条件直接选取；非标准件，设计完结构后必须进行相应的应力校核。 管板与换热管的连接方式为焊接，因管板上的应力较多，且内外温度有一定的差值，因此，对管板强度的校核是一个重点，也是一个难点。 关键词： 冷凝器； 强度设计； 结构设计 Abstract The condenser is a kind of chemical equipment which is widely used, and belongs to a kind of heat exchanger.. The design task is mainly according to the known conditions to choose the design of fixed tube plate heat exchanger, the advantages of fixed tube plate heat exchanger is forging used less, low cost; heat transfer area ratio of floating head type for heat exchanger is 20% to 30% and a bypass flow small. The heat exchanger is mainly completed is between kerosene and water heat exchange, first of all according to the given design temperature and pressure to determine structure of equipment and the shell side and tube side material, and then according to the nature of the material and the heat transfer area to determine the heat exchange tube materials, dimensions, number of roots.The main design parameters of this design are: tube medium is water temperature from 30 ℃heated to 42℃ , working pressure, flow, shell medium kerosene inlet temperature 138℃, outlet temperature 40 ℃, pressure flow rate . A heat transfer area 22.38㎡, seamless steel pipe heat exchanger Φ25 × 2.5 × 4500, you can calculate the heat transfer tubes 58, D = 325mm cylinder is determined based on the number of heat transfer tubes of the heat transfer tubes are arranged and the heat transfer tubes according to the arrangement and to determine the length and diam