Feudalism_in_China_and_Eourope解析.ppt

领主制经济 封建领主在完全占有基本生产资料（土地）和不完全占有直接生产者（农奴）的基础上，以劳役地租来剥削直接生产者的无偿劳动的经济形式 。 领主的土地一般是或名义上是由上级封建主分封而来的，领主在领地内一般拥有行政、司法权力 领主制经济在欧洲叫做庄园制度（见西欧封建庄园），在中国叫做井田制度（见井田制），两者在制度上和作用上都基本相同，都为同一的经济规律所支配。 Video Clip 地主制经济 封建社会中地主出租土地，对农民进行地租剥削的经济制度。 其特征是：地主占有土地，土地租给农民，实行小农经营，主要收取实物地租；土地可以自由买卖。农民生产的产品，一部分用以满足自己的需要，另一部分以地租形式交给地主，供其享用。 在地主制经济下，佃农被束缚于封建制度,他们被固定户籍,负有徭役、丁赋等义务，不能随便迁徙或改业，也不能自由选择田主和退佃。 Review What does feudalism mean in the middle ages?（lord，vassals, fiefs） 2 What is the political and economic system in China after Qin dynasty? (集权，地主经济) 3 Where does the word “封建”come from? What does it mean?(封土建国) 1 LOGO Feudalism in China and Europe Brief Introduction to European Culture--- Contents What does feudalism mean in the middle ages? 2 What is the political and economic system in China after Qin dynasty? 3 Where does the word “封建”come from? What does it mean? 1 Where does the word “封建”come from? 出处： 《左传·僖公二十四年》：“昔 周公吊二叔之不咸，故封建亲戚， 以蕃屏周 “。孔颖达疏：“故封立 亲戚为诸侯之君，以为蕃篱， 屏蔽周室。” 《礼记·王制》：“王者之制禄爵，公、侯、伯、子、男凡五等……天子之田方千里，公、侯田方百里，伯七十里，子、男五十里。” What does it mean? “封建”即“封土建国”，即天子把自已直接管辖的地方以外的土地，分封给诸侯，并授予他们爵位，诸侯再分封贵族，诸侯和贵族在自己的领地上有相当的自主权。 秦统一中国，废封建立郡县。(严复《论中国教化之退》：“ 秦并天下，更古制，更井田而为阡陌，废封建而置郡县，黜儒术而任名法。” )汉自景帝平七国之乱后，虽行封王侯建邦国之制，但集权于中央。 Back Home What does feudalism mean in the middle ages? Feudalism was a set of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the ninth and fifteenth centuries, which, broadly defined, was a system for ordering society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labor. Company Logo Feudalism revolving around the three key concepts of lord, vassals and fiefs. Feudalism Vassal Lord Fief A lord(领主)was in broad terms a noble who held land, a vassal(封臣)was a person who was granted possession of the land by the lord, and the land was known as a fief (采邑) In exchange for the use of the fief and the protection of the lord, the vassal would provide some sort of service to the lord. There were many varieties o