g第七章 杂环类药物分析解析.ppt

The Analysis of Heterocycles 吡啶类药物的分析 The analysis of pyridines 吩噻嗪类药物的分析 The analysis of Phenothiazines 苯骈二氮杂卓类药物的分析 The analysis of Benzodiazepine 基本要求 掌握三种药物中典型药物的结构特征，主要鉴别实验及主要含量测定方法。 了解有关物质检查内容及方法 熟悉其它含量测定方法 Fundamental requirement Mastering the structure characteristics, main identification tests and assays. Understanding the content and methods of relevant substances. Familiarizing with other assays. The analysis of pyridines The structures of typical drugs The main chemical properties Identification tests Relevant substances tests Assays The structures of typical drugs Weak basicity Deoxidization The characteristics of pyridine ring Weak basicity 药物母核吡啶环上的氮原子为碱性氮原子，吡啶环的pKb值为8﹒8(水中)。尼可刹米β位上被酰基取代，遇碱水解释放出具有碱性的二乙胺，可进行鉴别。 The nitrogen on pyridine ring shows basicity.In water solution,the pKb of pyridine ring is 8.8. Nikethamide processes acyl substituent and easily be hydrolyzed to form basic diethylamine under basic conditions. This property can be used for identification. Deoxidization 异烟肼吡啶环γ位上被酰肼取代，酰肼基具有较强的还原性，可与某些含羰基的试剂发生缩合反应。 The pyridine ring of isoniazid processes hydrazide substituent, which has strong reducibility. So isoniazid can react with some reagents which have carbonyl group. The characteristics of  pyridine ring 吡啶环可发生开环反应，此为吡啶环的特性反应。 Pyridine ring can be destroyed to form specific colours.It is the characteristics reaction of pyridine ring. Identification Ring opening reaction of pyridine ring (吡啶环的开环反应 ) The reaction of hydrazide radical ( 酰肼基团的反应) Precipitation reaction Decomposed product reaction Ultraviolet absorption spectroscopic characteristics (紫外吸收光谱特征 ) Ring opening reaction Konig reaction (戊烯二醛反应 ) 本反应适用于吡啶环α、α’为未取代，以及β或γ位为烷基或羧基的衍生物。中国药典用于尼可刹米的鉴别。 Identification of isoniazid Vongerichten reaction（二硝基氯苯反应） The identification of ftivazide (Chp2000) Identification of isoniazid The reaction of hydrazide radical Reduction reaction 异烟肼加水溶解后，加氨置硝酸银试液，即有黑色浑浊出现，并生成氮和金属银，在管壁上产生银