That从句的类型及语义分析.docVIP

That从句的类型及语义分析 　　在平时的阅读中，我们常常会遇到很多that引导的从句（简称that从句）。本期笔者就来简单探讨一下that从句的类型和逻辑语义关系。 　　That引导的三大从句 　　That可以引导三大类从句：定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句。具体如下表所示。 　　需要说明的是，当that引导结果状语从句时，需要与so或such等搭配使用，即构成“so … that …”或“such … that …”结构。 　　下面笔者列举一些例句，它们都有一个共同点，即都在fact后面接一个that从句。尽管如此，但这些that从句的类型不尽相同，由此导致各自的逻辑语义关系也不同。大家可以根据上述表格给以下的that从句归类。 　　1. The fact that you pointed out interested me. 　　2. The fact that he wrote a letter to her suggests that he knew her. 　　3. I knew for a fact that they were far too nervous to be bored. 　　4. It is an established fact that factory workers work better and harder and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey. 　　5. That any civilized human being in this nineteenth century should not be aware that the earth traveled round the sun appeared to me to be such an extraordinary fact that I could hardly realize it. 　　6. More and more people have realized such a fact that heart diseases are related to the way people live. 　　例句解析 　　下面笔者来对上述例句的that从句一一进行解析，判断它们分别属于哪种从句类型。 　　1. The fact that you pointed out interested me. 　　解析：这里的that从句为定语从句。引导词that充当从句中pointed out的宾语，这个定语从句相当于这样一个简单句：“You pointed out the fact.” 　　参考译文：你指出的这个事实我很感兴趣。 　　2. The fact that he wrote a letter to her suggests that he knew her. 　　解析：这个句子有两个that从句。前面的that从句that he wrote a letter to her是同位语从句，后面的that从句that he knew her是宾语从句，充当动词suggest的宾语。两个从句中的连词that都没有充当从句的句子成分。实际上，名词性从句中的连词that都不充当从句的句子成分。 　　参考译文：他给她写了一封信，这个事实表明他认识她。 　　3. I knew for a fact that they were far too nervous to be bored. 　　解析：这里的that从句是宾语从句。考生要判断这个that从句的类型，首先应知道这里的for a fact是一个固定搭配，意为“确实地， 肯定地”，修饰动词knew。因此，这里的that从句不是fact的同位语，而是充当knew的宾语，故为宾语从句。 　　参考译文：我当时确实知道他们过于紧张而未觉得无聊。 　　4. It is an established fact that factory workers work better and harder and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey. 　　解析：这里的that从句是主语从句，句中的it是形式主语，用于指代真正的主语that从句。大家不要误认为that从句是补充说明名词fact的同位语从句，因为这样就会导致it指代不明。 　　参考译文：如果把工厂里的机器漆成橘黄色而不是黑色或灰