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Chapter 1 What is the scope of lexicology? How is lexicology related to lexicography and etymology? What are diachronic approach历时性研究 and synchronic approach共识性研究 in lexicological study? lexicology, a branch of linguistics, deals with the nature, history, use , and meaning of words and the relationships between elements of words. Lexicology mainly covers the origin, development, structure, meaning, and application of words. Linguists usually define a word as the smallest unit of a language Lexicology includes phonetics语音学phonology音韵学semantics语义学etymology词源学lexicography词典学morphology形态学 Etymology, which can be regarded as a subfield of lexicology, mainly focuses on the study of the origin and history of words. Lexicography, another related branch to lexicology, is mainly concerned with inclusion of words and the science of compiling dictionaries. Lexicography is about the application of lexicology--the science of dictionaries. Translation; coal abounds in this province. Crystal water wells out of the spring. Two major approaches are employed in lexicological studies; diachronic approach and synchronic approach. They are also two principal approaches to the study of language. all languages exist in a state of constant change and development. In language studies, linguists may investigate the history and stages of language change(diachronic) in a course of time. It is historical lexicology. At the same time, they can study the language use, features and variation within a certain stage of its development(synchronic). Then it is descriptive lexicology. Chapter 2 1, what are the major foreign influences upon the development of the English vocabulary? Are there any other sources of influence that are not discussed in this chapter? Could you find some and add with examples? 2, what factors do you think might influence the development of the English language? In your opinion, what will be English language be like in 50 years? The English vocabulary sprang from three major r