细胞结构英文版[精选].ppt

CELLS Features of the Human Cell Organization of the Cell Plasma Membrane boundary surrounding the cell Genetic material: DNA located in a membrane-bound nucleus for eukaryotic cells Cytoplasm Semi-fluid matrix containing enzymes and organelles (enzyme = biological catalyst) Cytoskeleton network of filaments and tubules in cytoplasm that maintains cell shape, allows movement Functions of Cell Features Functions of Cell Features Functions of Cell Features Functions of Cell Features Functions of Cell Features Functions of Cell Features Endomembrane System Functions of Cell Features Functions of Cell Features Functions of Cell Features Functions of Cell Features Functions of Cell Features Functions of Cell Features Connections Between Cells Functions of Plasma Membrane Components Diffusion: Movement from from high ? low concentration to reach equal distribution Osmosis: Diffusion of Water Across a Selectively Permeable Membrane Facilitated Transport: Use of Carriers to Assist with Diffusion Active Transport with Protein Carrier: Requires energy to transport from low ? high concentration Transporting Large Substances Summary of Transport Mechanisms Passive: Do not require energy input Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Transport Active: Require energy input Active Transport Endocytosis Exocytosis Cellular Respiration: Producing ATP from Glucose Without Oxygen, Fermentation Occurs Enzymes: Biological Catalysts That Speed up the Rates of Metabolic Reactions * * Structure and Function Cell = smallest unit of life Actin filaments Nuclear Envelope Cytoplasm Intermediate filaments Microtubules Vesicle Chromatin Centrioles Centrosome Lysosome Golgi apparatus Polyribosome Mitochondrion Ribosomes Smooth ER Rough ER Nucleolus Nucleus Cytoskeleton Endoplasmic Reticulum 1. Regulates passage of materials into and out of cell 2. Cell-Cell Recognition Plasma Membrane Function(s) Structure Carrier of genetic material DNA + protein = chromatin 2. G