元曲英文介绍全解.ppt

Yuan Qu,a representative literature genre（体裁） of the Yuan Dynasty,can be categorized into zaju and sanqu.Zaju is a form of variety musical dramma,in which actors tell the story through singing and speaking,while sanqu is a form of lyric poetry,similar to the Tang Shi-poetry and the Song ci-poetry,yet bearing its own distinctive artistic features. Basic structure : Four arts(折,四折一般分别是故事的开端、发展、高潮、结局) An opeaning piece(楔子) Key character: Dan(旦a female role) Mo(末a male role) Jing(净a male,often a disreputable名誉不好的) Dramatic language : Bingbai (spoken parts,宾白，是剧中人物的说白，一般是散文，也有少数韵语，分对白、独白、旁白、带白等) Quci (lyrics,曲词，是剧中人物的唱词) Kejie (科介，是剧本中关于动作、表情、和音响效果的舞台指示) The Drama of Four Masters 关汉卿 马致远 郑光祖 白朴 关汉卿 Guan Hanqing ， sobriquet（绰号） “the Oldman of the Studio” (斋叟Zhāisǒu), was a notable（著名的） Chinese playwright and poet in the Yuan Dynasty. He has been described as among the most prolific（多产的） and highly regarded dramatists（剧作家） of the Yuan period. Guan spent much of his later life in Dadu and produced about 65 plays, mostly in the vernacular（社会习惯语，方言）of the time. He wrote many outstanding plays and was addressed as the leading dramatist of the Yuan Dynasty. 拜月亭 窦娥冤 马致远 Ma Zhiyuan, courtesy name Dongli (東籬), was a Chinese poet and celebrated（著名的） playwright, a native of Dadu (大都, present-day Beijing) during the Yuan Dynasty. Among his achievements is the development and popularizing of the sanqu (散曲) lyric type of Classical Chinese poetry forms. The poem Autumn Thoughts (秋思, Qiūsī) from the book 东篱乐府 is the most widely known of his sanqu poems. Only seven of his 15 plays are extant（未佚失的）, of which four have been translated into English. Autumn by Ma zhiyuan Crows hovering over rugged trees wreathed with rotten vine—the day is about done. Yonder is a tiny bridge over a sparkling stream, and on the far bank, a pretty little village. But the traveler has to go on down this ancient road, the west wind moaning, his bony horse groanin