14第十四讲 复合句.ppt

第十四讲 复合句 第二部分 语法复习 考 查 重 点 1. 掌握宾语从句的结构和用法。 2. 掌握定语从句的结构和用法。 3. 掌握状语从句的用法。 知识梳理 复合句概述：复合句包括宾语从句，定语从句和状语从句。 一、宾语从句 1. 定义：由一个句子充当宾语的句子，我们称之为宾语从句。 2. 分类 (1)由连接词that 引导陈述句，在口语中that常省略。 He said that he would come by bus. Can’t you see (that) I’m busy? 注：当主句的谓语动词是believe, think等时，宾语从句要表示否定意义时，不否定从句，应将think等动词变为否定形式。 知识梳理 I don’t think he will come. 我认为他不会来。 注：that 引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that 不能省略。 I know nothing about him except that he is a teacher in our school. (2) 由连接词whether/if引导一般疑问句，whether和if常可互换。 The teacher didn’t know whether (if) we were interested in his class. 注：下列情况一般用whether不用if. a.介词后的宾语从句。I’m thinking of whether he will come. 知识梳理 b. 在带to的不定式前。 We are discussing whether to go there by bike. c. 与or not连用。 I don’t know whether I should go or not. (3) 由连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which或连接副词when, where, why, how引导特殊疑问句。 I want to know why they did it like this. 3. 语序：不管宾语从句是陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句，从句都要用陈述句语序，也就是说主谓次序不能颠倒。 Could you tell me where I can park my car? They asked why Mary arrived at school so late. 知识梳理 4. 时态 (1) 当主句是一般现在时，从句的时态由自身的实际情况决定。 I think that she will return in twenty minutes. They know they didn’t do well in yesterday’s exam. (2) 当主句是一般过去时，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。 I thought that she would return in twenty minutes. He said that he had handed in his homework. (3) 当从句是客观真理时，一律使用一般现在时。 知识梳理 Our teacher told us that the light travels faster than sound. 二、定语从句 1. 定义：在句子中起定语作用的从句称为定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词叫做先行词, 引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。 2. 关系词分类及作用：关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词指代先行词, 放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用, 同时又充当定语从句中的某一种成分 (主语、宾语、状语) 。引导定语从句的关系代词有that, who, whom, whose, which; 关系副词有when, where, why。 知识梳理 关系词 作用 先行词 例句 who 主语、宾语、表语 人 Do you know the woman who is standing under the tree? whom 宾语 人 I met the singer whom I got to know at the party. which 主语、宾语 物 She lost the pen which was given by her mom. that 主语、宾语、表语 人或物 Here’s the brush that you are looking for. whose 定语 人或物 The boy whose hat is brown runs fastest. when 时间状语 时