非谓语动词__总复习题库.ppt

Non-Predicate Verbs（非谓语动词） 英语中动词的非谓语动词有三类： 1. 不定式：infinitive 2. 动名词：gerund 3. 分词： participle ｛现在分词： present participle 过去分词： past participle ｝ 1. 不定式：infinitive Form Usage Omission of “ to” to do(not to do) 一般式（否定） to be doing 进行式 主动 to have done 完成式 to have been doing 完成进行式 to be done 一般式 被动 to have been done 完成式 Usage 1 subject（主语） 2 predicative（表语） 3 object（宾语） 4 attribute（定语） 5 adverbial（状语） 6 complement（补足语） It takes sb. ＋some time ＋不定式 It costs sb. ＋money＋不定式 2. ＊复合结构： for sb. to do sth. It is + adj./n. + for/of sb. to do sth. 当形容词为表示“性格特征或行为表现”的形容词时，介词用of，如kind, wrong, polite, wise… ＊as object He loved to listen to music. I find it difficult to speak English fluently. ＊特殊疑问词+不定式 介词+特殊疑问词+不定式 Where to stay has not been decided yet. （S.） She doesn’t know what to do.（O. of v.） He had no idea of how to do.（O. of prep.） 疑问词包括how, what, where, when, whether, whom, why等 I ask him where to get this book.（O.C.） The question is which to choose.（P.） 能一以这种结构作宾语的动词有：know, see, show,tell, teach, wonder, imagine, understand,explain等 ＊as adverbial of purpose I started early (so as) / (in order) to get there before dark. so as to 和 in order to 是不定式的强调形式 so as (not) to用在句中 in order (not) to 用在句中或句首 ＊As object complement China expects everyone to do his duty. I could make them understand me. ﹡omission of “to” 1 set phrase 2 set structure 3 sentence with special conjunction or preposition 4 as predicative 7 cannot choose but （只得） 8 cannot help but （不得不） cannot help + doing 9 can but = can only （只得，充其量不过）eg 不定式运用口诀 本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。???? ???样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。??????? 大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改，?????? ? 作主宾时用“it”,???自己在后把身藏。??? ???六个感官三使役，?宾补要把to甩开；????? ??疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；??? ???逻辑主语不定式，不定式前for/of?sb.?????? ??to前not是否定，?各种用法区别开。 不定式的句法功能，除了谓语外，不定式可以担当句子的任何