(托福阅读长难句类型解析.docxVIP

智课网TOEFL备考资料托福阅读长难句类型解析 摘要： 托福阅读长难句类型解析。小马托福老师和大家介绍托福阅读长难句类型解析和长难句训练，希望对你有所帮助。请看以下文章： 托福 阅读长难句例一： The hypothesis that begging calls have evolved properties that reduce their potential for attracting predators yields a prediction: baby birds of species that experience high rates of nest predation should produce softer begging signals of higher frequency than nestlings of other species less often victimized by nest predators. 托福长难句类型一：同位语从句+定语从句等复杂修饰 本句主语是The hypothesis后面跟了一个由 that引导的同位语从句 begging calls have evolved properties 然后又有一个由that引导的定语从句 reduce their potential for attracting predators修饰properties，其实主句结构很简单，就是the hypothesis yields a prediction,然后冒号后面的部分来解释这个假设， baby birds should produce softer begging signals ，同学们遇到这样的复杂修饰的句子，一定要先把主句结构读出来，核心意思掌握了，再看那些次要的修饰成分即可。 译文： 关于乞讨声发展演化出一些性质，能够降低幼鸟吸引捕食者的潜在危险的假说产生出一个预言：那些被捕食频率较高的幼鸟种群应该比那些很少被捕食的种群产生出更柔和的高频乞讨信号。 长难句意群训练： The hypothesis that begging calls have evolved properties that reduce their potential for attracting predators yields a prediction: baby birds of species that experience high rates of nest predation should produce softer begging signals of higher frequency than nestlings of other species less often victimized by nest predators. 托福阅读 长难句例二： The answer lies apparently not in the increased energy costs of exaggerated begging—such energy costs are small relative to the potential gain in calories— but rather in the damage that any successful cheater would do to its siblings, which share genes with one another. 长难句类型二：插入成分+复杂修饰成分 本句中有一个由两个破折号引导的比较长的插入成分，我们先跳过插入成分，完整的读下来句子应该是The answer lies not in the increased energy costs but rather in the damage ，其他的都是非重点的次要句子成分，同学们只要能读出来本句的核心意思是答案不在高能量消耗而在伤害，就可以了。至于其他的修饰成分，只要搞清楚谁修饰谁就可以。ETS非常喜欢这种层层追加修饰的方法，把句子搞得很长，但是实际上没有什么重要信息。 译文： 答案明显不在于夸张的乞讨叫声需要高能量消耗 ——这些能量和将要获得的能量相比是很少的——而是在于任何一个成功的欺骗者会对和它有同样基因的亲缘造成伤害。 长难句意群分类： The answer lies apparently not in the increased energy costs of exaggerated begging — such energy costs are small