第5章计机学科基础.ppt

Chapter 5 Computing Components 计算部件 Chapter Goals本章目标 Read an ad for a computer and understand the jargon 读懂一则计算机广告，明白其中的行话 List the components and their function in a von Neumann machine 列出冯.诺伊曼机的部件和它们的功能 Describe the fetch-decode-execute cycle of the von Neumann machine 描述冯.诺伊曼机的读取-译解-执行周期 Chapter Goals本章目标 Describe how computer memory is organized and accessed 描述如何组织和访问计算机内存 Name and describe different auxiliary storage devices 列出并描述不同的辅助存储设备 Define three alternative parallel computer configurations 定义三种并行计算机的配置 Computer Components计算机部件 Consider the following ad Sizes in Perspective Stored-Program Concept存储程序的概念 Memory内存 Memory is a collection of cells, each with a unique physical address 内存是存储单元的集合，每个存储单元有一个唯一的物理地址。 Arithmetic/Logic Unit算术逻辑单元 Performing basic arithmetic operations such as adding 执行基本的算术运算 Performing logical operations such as AND, OR, and NOT 执行逻辑操作，如：与、或和非 Most modern ALUs have a small amount of special storage units called registers 大多数现代ALU都有少量的特殊存储单元，称为寄存器 Input/Output Units输入/输出部件 Input Unit A device through which data and programs from the outside world are entered into the computer 输入部件是使外界数据和程序进入计算机的设备 Keyboard, the mouse, and scanning devices 键盘、鼠标和扫描设备 Output unit A device through which results stored in the computer memory are made available to the outside world 输出部件是使外界使用存储在计算机上的结果的设备 Printers and video display terminals 打印机、显示终端 Control Unit控制器 Control unit The organizing force in the computer 控制器是计算机中的组织力量 There are two registers in the control unit The instruction register (IR) contains the instruction that is being executed 指令寄存器 The program counter (PC) contains the address of the next instruction to be executed 程序计数器 ALU and the control unit called the Central Processing Unit, or CPU Flow of Information数据流 The parts are connected to one another by a collection of wires called a bus 部件由一组电线连接在一起，这组电线称为总线 The Fetch-Execute Cycle读取-执行周期 Fetch the next instruction 读取下一条指令 Decode the instruction 译解指令