第五章倒装结构与强调句.doc

第五章 倒装结构与强调句 一、倒装结构 倒装句分为全部倒装（将整个谓语置于主语之前）和部分倒装（把谓语的一部分，如be，have，助动词、情态动词等置于主语之前）。现将倒装句的重点、难点作一归纳，以利同学们真正掌握这一语法项目使用全部倒装的情况1)在there be/lie/stand/live/seem/appear/exist/come/go/seem句型中。 ??? There will be a sports meet in our school next week.下周我们学校要举行运动会。??? There goes the ambulance.救护车来了。 2) 表示地点、方向、时间的副词（here, out, in, up, down, back off, away, now, then等）位于句首时。谓语动词多为表示运动的不及物动词（go, come, leave, move, run, rush, jump等）。 如：??? Here is a telegram for you.这儿有你一封电报。??? Down jumped the man from the horse.那人从马上跳下来。??? 在上述情况中，主语是代词时，则不用倒装。如：??? There he comes!他来了！??? Here you are.给你。3)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。如：??? Between the two buildings stands a tall pine.两座楼之间有棵大松树。??? Along the dusty road came a great many tourists.沿着尘土飞扬的道路来了许多游客。4)为了保持句子平衡、衔接得当或强调表语或状语，而把分词短语或形容词置于句首时。如：??Sitting at the back of the room was a shy girl with two big eyes.一个长着两只大眼睛的腼腆女孩坐在屋子的后面。??Written on the blackboard are the names of those who were late yesterday.黑板上写着昨天迟到者的名单。??The Most popular are young singers.最受欢迎的是青年歌手。 5) 直接引语的部分或全部位于句首时，点明说话人的部分主谓语要倒装。如：??? Are you listening to English on the radio? said Mother.??? 但，引述动词后有间接宾语或状语时，不倒装。如：??? Light travels faster than sound, David said to her.“光比声传播得快，”大卫对她说。??? How dare you say so? Mr. Smith said angrily.“你怎么敢这么说？”史密斯气愤地说。6)在某些表示祝愿的句子中。如：??? Long live our great country!伟大的祖国万岁！使用部分倒装的情况only修饰的状语（副词、介词短语或状语从句）位于句首时。如：Only after three operations was he able to walk without sticks.做过三次手术之后，他才能不用拐杖行走。Only with more practice can you pass the driving test.只有多练习你才能通过驾驶考试。??? 但only修饰主语时，则不倒装。如：??? Only that girl knew how to work out the problem.只有那位女生知道怎样解那道题。含有否定意义的副词（never, seldom, little, few, not, nowhere等）位于句首时。如：Seldom in all my life have l met such a brave man.我一生很少见过这么勇敢的人。???Never did she care about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.虽然她处于极大的危险之中，但她根本不顾自己的安全。not until位于句首时。如：Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到19世纪初，人们才知道热是何物。??? 在复合句中，只有主句用倒装，until引导的从句不倒