英语自考英美文学历年大题考点.doc

William Shakespeare (3) 1.He holds that literature should be a combination of beauty, kindness and truth, and should reflect nature and reality. He also states that the beauty in literary works can last for ever. 莎士比亚认为文学应当是真善美的结合，应该反映自然与现实。他也声称文学作品之美能够永远持续。 2.His major characters are neither merely individual ones nor type ones; they are individuals representing certain types. By applying a psycho-analytical approach, he succeeds in exploring the characters’ inner mind. The soliloquies in his plays fully reveal the characters inner conflict. 他的主要角色既不是个体也不是类型，他们是代表特定类型的个人。通过运用心理分析法，他成功探索了角色的内心思想。他剧中的独白揭示了角色的内心冲突。 3.He seldom invents his own plots, but borrows them from some old plays or storybooks, or from ancient Greek and Roman sources. He would shorten the time and intensify the story. There are usually several threads running through the play, thus providing the story with suspense and apprehension. 他很少创造自己的情节，而是借自于一些古戏剧或故事书，或者来自于古希腊与罗马素材。他常常缩短时间并浓缩故事。经常有几条线索穿透剧本，从而使故事带有悬念与焦虑。 4.Irony is a good means of dramatic presentation. It makes the characters who are ignorant of the truth do certain ridiculous things. Disguise is also an important device to create dramatic irony, usually with woman disguised as man. 讽刺是戏剧表现的一个好的方式。它使那些不明真相的角色做出某些可笑的事情。乔装也是创造戏剧讽刺的一个重要方法，通常是女扮男装。 5.He can write skillfully in different poetic forms, such as the sonnet, the blank verse, and the rhymed couplet. His vocabulary is amazing; he is known to have used 16000 different words in his works. His coinage of new words and distortion of the meaning of the old ones also create striking effects. 他擅长于写不同的诗歌形式，如十四行，无韵诗与押韵偶句。他词汇丰富，以使用了16000个不同单词而闻名。他的创造新词与旧词转义也产生了惊奇的效果。 6.He is above all writers in the past and in the present time. His influence on later writers is immeasurable. 他的地位高于古往今来所有的作家。他对后世作家的影响是不可估量的。 Shakespeares four greatest tragedies (2) 1. Shakespears greatese tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. 2.They have some characteristics in common. Each portrays some n