建筑专业英语_Unit_8.ppt

Unit 8 第八单元 Columns: Combined Axial Load and Bending 柱：轴向力与弯曲的组合 教学目标 了解柱子中箍筋的布置特点 了解相关图的确定和使用 了解短柱设计中的注意问题 熟悉钢筋混凝土柱子中的专业词汇 熟悉科技类文献中的常用句型 熟悉tie、spiral、stirrup的区别；limit、restrain、confine、hold的用法；refer to、be referred to、be referred to as 的区别；a family of、a series of、 a portion of 、great majority of的区别。 A column is a vertical structural member transmitting axial compressive loads（压缩荷载）, with or without moments. The cross-sectional dimensions of a column are generally considerably less than（远小于）its height. Columns support vertical loads from the floors and roof and transmit these loads to the foundations. 柱是竖向的结构构件，传递轴向压缩荷载和弯矩（或无弯矩）。柱的横截面尺寸通常远远小于其高度。柱子支承着来自楼面和屋面的竖向荷载，并将它们传于地基。 In construction, the reinforcement and concrete for the beams and slabs in a floor are placed. Once this concrete has hardened, the reinforcement and concrete for the columns over that floor are placed, followed（接着）by the next-higher floor（下一个更高楼面）. 施工时，将楼面梁和楼面板的钢筋与混凝土放入。一旦混凝土已经变硬，则将该层柱子的钢筋和混凝土放入，紧接着进行下一个更高楼面的（施工）。 The more general terms（通用的术语）compression members or members subjected to combined axial load and bending are sometimes used to refer to（指、表示）columns, walls, and members in concrete trusses or frames. These may be vertical（垂直的）, inclined（倾斜的）, or horizontal（水平的）. A column is a special case（特殊的例子）of a compression member that is vertical. 有时采用较通用的术语即受压构件或承受轴向力和弯曲组合的构件来表示柱子、墙和混凝土桁架或框架中的构件。这些构件可以是垂直的、倾斜的或水平的。柱子是受压构件中一种特殊的例子，即垂直的。 Stability effects（影响）must be considered in the design of compression members. If the moments induced（引起）by slenderness effects（细长度效应）weaken a column appreciably（明显地）, it is referred to as a slender column or a long column. The great majority of（绝大多数的）concrete columns are sufficiently stocky（非常粗短的）that slenderness can be ignored. Such columns are referred to as short columns. 在设计受压构件时必须考虑稳定性的影响。如果由于细长度效应引起的弯矩明显地削弱了柱子，它被称为细长柱或长柱。绝大多数的混凝土柱子是非常粗短的，以致可以忽略其细长度。这样的柱子称为短柱。 Tied and Spiral Columns普通箍筋和螺旋箍筋的