计算机组织与体系结构全解.doc

计 算 机 组 织 与 体 系 结 构 大连交通大学软件学院交通工程2班 张帅超 2011-11-6 辛卯年 Chapter 1 Introduction §1.1 Architecture Organization计算机组织与体系结构 Organization is how features are implemented Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer §1.2 Structure Function Structure is the way in which components relate to each other 部件之间相互连接的方式 Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure各个部件的操作 *** All computer functions are: 1.Data processing 数据处理 2. Data storage 数据存储 3. Data movement数据移动或传送 4. Control控制 *** As a computer system 系统级 CPU —Control operation of the computer and performs its data processing function —Often simply referred to as processor Main memory — Stores data I/O — Moves data between computer and its external environment System interconnection —Some mechanism that provides for communication among CPU, Memory, and I/O *** As a component (CPU) 部件级 Control unit —Control operation of CPU and computer Arithmetic and logic unit(ALU) 算术逻辑单元 —Performs the computer’s data processing functions Registers 寄存器组 —Provides storage internal to the CPU CPU interconnection —Some mechanism that provides for communication among control unit, ALU, and registers *** As a element (CU) 元件级 Sequencing Login 顺序逻辑 Control Unit Registers and Decoders 控制器的寄存器和译码器 Control Memory 控制存储器 Function Structure Data storage ------- -- Main memory Data movement -- --- I/O Data processing - ---- ALU Control ---------- ----- CU Chapter 2 Computer Evolution and Performance §2.1 A Brief History of Computers 计算机简史 G1: vacuum tubes 真空管 1.ENIAC 电子数字积分计算机 The major drawback : programmed manually by setting switches and plugging and unplugging cables 2.The von Neumann Machine冯·诺依曼 Stored-program concept程序存储概念 —Be developed by von Neumann and Turing —Program(steps of operating) can be coded and stored in main memory like data IAS computer consists of the following: —Main