语法第一讲全解.ppt

名词(短语）作补语 In English people name lazy people couch potato. 英语中人们称懒惰的人为 couch potato. We elect him our new chairman. 我们选他当我们的新主席。 形容词作补语 We consider students’ evaluation of teachers emotionally Detrimental. 不定式(短语)作补语 I sincerely invite you to pay a visit to my hometown during the summer vacation. 分词(短语)作补语 I find the employment situation frustrating. 我发现就业形势令人沮丧。 We should have the nuclear waste well disposed of. 我们要妥善处理核废料 * Grammar 语法层次 语法结构的五个层次 词素 (Morpheme) 词 ( Word) 词组 (Phrase) 分句 (Clause) 句子 (Sentence) morphemes 词素（morpheme) free bound lexical (child) Functional(and) derivational(re-) Inflectional(‘s) 词(word) 构词法 简单词（Simple ) 派生词（Derivative） 复合词（Compound） 句法功能 功能词（Function） 实义祠（Content) 分句类型(Types of clauses) Independent (main; min S+V, complete) 独立分句 ( 主干, 主谓齐全，完整） I love linguistics. You believe me. Dependent (subordinate; SUB CONJ, incomplete) 从属子句 （从属，需加连词，不完整） when she entered the room who delivered the lecture 句子类型(Types of sentences) 简单句Simple (one independent clause) She read the book. 并列句Compound (2 independent clauses connected with co-ordinating conjunctions: 并列连词) She read the book but she didn’t like it。 复合句Complex (a combination of dependent (subordinate) and independent clauses：从属连词、连接代词、连接副词) She read the book while she was in college. 并列复合句Compound-Complex (2 independent clauses + 1() dependent clauses) He jumped for joy and screamed very loudly when his team won the game. 简单句：句子只包含一个主谓结构，且句子的各个成分都是由单词或者短语表示。 A school is an important place to students. Many people have a close relationship with their pets. The students I teach have made better grades in the past few weeks. 并列句：两个或两个以上互相独立的主谓结构、由并列连词连接。 Oliver came to the party, but Rose did not. Every room in the house has its own function and it is difficult to imagine the life without one of them. Tip: 根据两个简单句之间的关系—结合、选择、转折，因果，