高三定语从句考点归纳.docVIP

高三定语从句考点归纳 ?who, whom, that, which, as, whose等和关系副词when, where, why等，关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语,表语，定语等；关系副词则在从句中充当状语。定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句，关键是看有无逗号把先行词与定语从句分开。若有，是非限定性定语从句，此时关系词不能省略；若无，则是限定性定语从句。综观历年高考试题，我们可以发现该语法项目是测试中的热点与难点。为了便于同学们复习该语法点时有所侧重，本文拟就其考点作以归纳。 一、考查几组关系词异同 1. 考查先行词是物时，关系代词which, that充当主语或宾语异同：在限定性定语从句中充当主语、宾语关系代词which, that一般可以互换，关系代词作宾语时还可以省略。（1）which用于下列情况：( I )如果引导的是非限定性定语从句; （II）关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前; （III）先行词本身是that等。（2）that用于下列情况：( I ) 先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词；（II）先行词被all, any, every, no, little, much, some等词修饰；（III）先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；（IV）先行词被the only, the very(正是、恰是),the last修饰；（V）先行词中既有人也有物；（VI）在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句等。另外需要注意：先行词是the way，并在定语从句充当状语时，关系代词用that或省略，若用which,其前加介词in。 [典型考题] ①（09江西）The house I grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. A. in it?????? B. in?????? C. in that????? D. in which ②（07年浙江）Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, ______ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. A. that????? B. which?????? C. who????? D. where ③(04湖北) What surprised me was not what he said but ______he said it. A．the way 　　B．in the way that 　　C．in the way 　　D．the way which ④（10全国Ⅱ）I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault. A. who?? ????B. that?????C. as?? ?????D. what 解析：①B。该题考查的是定语从句中关系代词前的介词位于谓语动词之后，关系代词可以省略，定语从句补充完整为：(which/that) I grew up in，修饰先行词the house。若选择D项，应该用in which I grew up ②B。先行词Chan’s restaurant在非限制性定语从句充当used to be poorly run的主语，故用which。③A。在not…but…结构中，前后应一致，因but之前是名词性从句，故其后也应该是名词性从句或与之相对的名词等，又因the way在该定语从句充当方式状语，所以关系词用that, in which或省略，故选the way。④B。不定代词something在定语从句作主语，用that引导。 2. 考查先行词是人，关系代词who,whom,that充当主语或宾语异同：在限定性定语从句中充当主语一般用who,that；充当宾语时三者可以互换或关系代词还可以省略。下列情况用who或whom:( I )在非限定性定语从句中，先行词是人，并在从句中充当主语，关系代词用who，充当宾语，用whom或who(口语中)，（II）先行词是人，介词后的宾语,只能用whom等。 [典型考题] ①（06北京）Women _____ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ______ don’t. A. who ; 不填?????? ?