高考英语写作指导-好段落的标准.docVIP

第四天：好段落的标准 学完段落的展开方法以后，我们就保证能写出好的段落吗？什么样的段落可以被称之为好段落呢？一般说来，一个好的段落应该具有这样的特点：意思完整，主题一致，前后连贯，过渡自然。换句话说，一个好的段落必须能够充分地表达思想，内容上没有任何残缺；一个段落只有一个主题，所有的扩展句都为主题句服务，主题句与扩展句在意义上始终保持统一；段落结构安排合理、条理清楚，句与句之间的转换自然、顺理成章。这就是段落的统一性和连贯性。 一、统一性 段落中每一句均须与此段的主题相关，并提供数据来支持主题，句子间必须先后有序，合乎逻辑，否则便会欠缺统一性。当你写下一段落时，必须检查每句的内容是否依据主旨，如果不是的话，便要修改或移到另一段。 例如： Learning a foreign language has changed. Not long ago, students would sit with pen in hand, writing the basic forms of a language, learning structures they would never be able to speak. In that same classroom today, pens and notebooks have been put away. The spoken sounds of foreign tongue fill the room. Today the last skill learned writing a foreign language comes as a natural and possible part of the total language learning process. Yet, just a few years ago, the last skill learned was the first skill mastered today—speaking a foreign tongue. To visit some foreign countries, travelers have to apply for visas. 由以上段落可见，每句均围绕主旨而发展，主题句是“Learning a foreign language has changed.”，但其中有一句“To visit some foreign countries, travelers have to apply for visas.”则是说申请护照的，明显地不合此段主题 learning a foreign language，所以必须移走，才能使本段意思归一。 活动教室 请找出下面这段话中与主题不统一的句子。 No one knows exactly when people started drying tea leaves, putting boiling water on top and then drinking it. Experts believe tea drinking may have started in China, Tibet and India. A Chinese legend says that it began in 2500BC when a few leaves accidentally fell into the Emperor’s boiling water. Tea is very delicious and very popular today. Chinese records from 780AD talk about growing, drying, and drinking tea. Soon after that tea was brought to Japan by Chinese Buddhist monks. During the 1600s it was brought to England. 二、连贯性 段落除了必须具有统一性及文字流畅外，句与句，字与字之间还要有连贯性，要达到此点，便需要做出适当排序；如果一个段落内句子不统一，则即使有连贯性也没用，反之，若没有联系的句子乱成一团，就算全部与主旨有关，也难以让读者看懂。所以，段落的统一性和连贯性二者缺一不可。要保证段落的连贯性，常用的方法有以下几种： 1.使用过渡性词语 过渡性词语是一种关系指引词，不仅能承上启下，还能转折上下文的语气，充分显示句与句之间的逻辑关系，能贯通思想的脉络，使段落思想表达得清晰、流畅。过渡性词语的种类很多，须根据上下文的内容选择使用。 常用过渡性词语详见附录。 注：在使用某些过渡词时，必须了解标点符