语言与大脑重点.ppt

语言与大脑 ----从神经语言学的角度 1.丰富多彩的语言 汉语和外语 You and me VS 我和你 Gender and aunt SOV VS SVO 汉语内部 奶奶 VS 娘娘、婆婆、妈仔、阿嬷、细爹、娭毑… “老豆”和“死人咸” 新老湘方言：长沙里手（内行）湘潭俏（漂亮），湘乡嗯啊做牛叫。 2.有规律的语言 汉语和外语 领有动词 完成体标记：“有” 领有动词：过去某一时刻拥有某种东西 + 具有现时的实用性 完成体： 过去某一时刻发生的动作 + 具有现时的相关性 汉语内部 被动标记的来源：“给予”类动词 共同的生理器官 共同的外部环境 3.过往研究的不足 In the linguistic circle, researchers traditionally pay more attention to language system itself and less to the brain where language is represented and processed since the investigation of language presentation and processing in the brain is much more difficult than the study of language system. 4.什么是神经语言学(Neurolinguistics) It is the study of the relationship between brain and language. a. how the structure of the brain influences language learning; b. how and in which parts of the brain language is stored; c. how damage to the brain affects the ability to use language. 4.1 大脑的结构与功能 Function Left Hemisphere Right Hemisphere Visual system Letters, words Complex geometric patterns Faces Auditory system Language-related sounds Nonlanguage environmental sounds Music Somatosensory system Tactile recognition of complex patterns （躯体感觉） Braille Movement Complex voluntary movement Movements in spatial patterns Memory Verbal memory Nonverbal memory Language Phonetic Emotional Semantic Intonation Syntactic Pragmatic Arith