公共设施论文：公有公共设施致人损害的国家赔偿责任研究.docVIP

公共设施论文：公有公共设施致人损害的国家赔偿责任研究 【中文摘要】当前,我国的《国家赔偿法》中规定国家赔偿的范围不包括公有公共设施致害。然而伴随着经济社会的发展,我国的国情已经发生了重大变化,现代的行政模式也逐渐的从权力行政开始转向服务行政,行政活动呈现出多样性和复杂性,不仅包括行使权力的行政行为,也包括提供服务的行为和行政事实行为。而且事实上,公有公共设施的利用者与管理、设置者之间不是平等的民事合同关系,而是行政法律关系。对于公有公共设施在设置、管理方面存在瑕疵,致使利用者的人身或财产受到损失的,适用民法规定既不符合处理公法关系的原则,也不利于保护受害者的合法权益。因此,公有公共设施致害赔偿应纳入国家赔偿。另外,从我国的经济、政治以及法律等几个方面来看,也存在着将公有公共设施致害赔偿纳入到国家赔偿范围当中的必要性。同时,公有公共设施致害赔偿纳入国家赔偿法在实际适用上还应注意关于区别公有公共设施的国家赔偿责任与公用企业的民事责任的问题、公有公共设施设置或管理瑕疵致害的免责事由问题和未设置公有公共设施的国家赔偿责任问题。本论文就是针对目前我国公有公共设施致人损害的国家赔偿责任展开研究,结合具体的理论基础,并参考借鉴国外的成熟经验,认为应该重点在制度完善和基金保障方面来建立国家赔偿模式,从而有效的保障公民的合法权益。 【英文摘要】Our nation establishes many public utilities widely to improve the lives of people, but also along with damages. Because of the defects that lie in setting and management of public utilities, there are many and complicated damages. However, there are still no specific rules about the compensation problem caused by public utilities in China抯 laws and regulations; meanwhile there are also few systematic studies on the compensation problem caused by public utilities. Once it happens, it is always settled by civil laws, as the managers of public utilities, enterprises and public institutions will take the responsibility to compensate. This mode of process can not benefit victim抯 rights as well as the establishment of country抯 liability. Especially at this stage, according to the State Compensation Law, the scope of state compensation does not include the damage by public utilities. Nevertheless, with the development of social economy, the fundamental realities of our country has been changed a lot, and modern administrative mode has been converted from power-oriented to service-oriented; administrative action shows its diversity and complexity, not only including the administrative actions of executing the authority, and also the actions of providing service and administrative factual act. In fact, the relation between users and managers or setters is not the relation of administration and law, rather th