流域论文：流域生态补偿机制研究.docVIP

流域论文：流域生态补偿机制研究 【中文摘要】随着全球经济的快速发展,地球的生态环境面临着严重威胁。而近年来我国流域生态环境由于保护意识不强、治理投入不足等原因愈加恶化,因此尽快构建流域生态补偿机制已成为保护和建设流域生态环境的重要政策需求。生态补偿机制是一个生态、经济、法律的综合体。新安江流域由于其特殊的地理位置和良好的流域生态环境以及上下游地区经济发展的差别,作为本文研究的案例具有典型性。本文在查阅国内外文献和实地调研基础上,系统研究了流域生态补偿问题,并对建立流域生态补偿机制等关键因素进行了探讨。本文共分为五章。第一章为导论,主要介绍论文的选题背景、写作意义、研究思路和研究方法。第二章为相关概念阐述和理论分析,着重阐释公平理论、外部性理论、公共产品理论、生态资本理论以及可持续发展理论,前两章均是为后文的写作奠定基础。第三章为本文的核心部分,通过实际调研和文献查阅寻求新安江上游地区实施生态补偿机制的现实依据和探讨实施过程中的障碍。其中,现实依据包括新安江上游地区为保护环境的投入和下游地区的收益,新安江流域上游地区为保护环境的直接投入包括林业建设的投入、水土流失治理的投入、污染防治投入等方面,除此之外,新安江流域上游地区为保护环境也丧失了一定的经济发展机遇,从而进一步加剧了新安江上下游地区的经济差距。目前实施新安江流域生态补偿机制中的障碍主要有补偿责任难以界定、补偿标准难以测算、补偿模式较单一及制度环境的局限等。通过分析新安江流域生态补偿的实际需求和现实补偿之间的差距,阐述了新安江流域实施生态补偿机制的必要性。第四章对国内外已有的流域生态补偿实践进行梳理,综合比较目前流域生态补偿机制模式的优缺点。第五章为政策建议部分,在理论基础和统计分析的基础上,详细阐述了流域生态补偿主客体的界定、流域生态补偿标准的测算和如何建立多层级的生态补偿机制,并为生态补偿机制的顺利实施创造良好的制度环境。 【英文摘要】With the rapid development of global economy, the earth’s ecology environment faced serious threats. In recent years the river basin ecological environment of China has been increasingly worse because of poor environmental protection consciousness and insufficient environmental investment. So establishing an eco-compensation mechanism of river basin has become an important policy demand for the construction and protection of river basin ecological environment. Ecological compensation mechanism is a complex of ecology, economics and law. Xin抋n jiang river basin is treated as a typical study case in this paper considering its special geographical location, excellent ecological environment and different economic development of upstream and downstream. In light of on-the-spot investigation and literature at home and aboard, a systematic review of river basin eco-compensation is presented and key factors on establishing eco-compensation mechanism are discussed.There are five chapters in this paper. Some issues such as background, significance, framework and methods of the research are introduced in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 consists of relevant concepts and theoretical analysis