2010 语言学复习题.docVIP

Defining the following terms: linguistics: Linguistics is a scientific study of language. It is a major branch of social science. pragmatics: Pragmatics can be defined as the study of language in use and linguistic communication. It is concerned with how language is actually used or understood in actual linguistic communication. morpheme: Morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of language, a unit that can not be divided into further smaller units without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether it is lexical or grammatical. A morpheme is a linguistic abstraction; it is a concept. minimal pair: When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment, which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two sound combinations are said to form a minimal pair. language: is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. phonetics: is the science to describe how each speech sound is articulated and what phonetic features it has. syntax: is claimed to be the study of how words combine to form sentences and the rules which govern the formation of sentences. root: is the basic part of a word which is that part of a word left when all the affixes are removed. vowel: a vowel is produced with a vibration of the two vocal cords but with no closure or obstruction when the airstream passes through the mouth. morphology: Morphology is a branch of linguistics, which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. entailment: is a relation of inclusion. If sentence x entails sentence y, the meaning of x is included in y. 13. illocutional act: the act of using a sentence to perform a function such as command, request, etc. 14. paradigmatic relation: also called vertical relation, refers to the relation holding between elements replaceable with each other at a particular place in a structure. 15. word: A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntact