生物医学材料的发展和应用.docxVIP

生物医学材料的特点及应用?2009-11-30 13:20:21|??分类：?论文|字号?订阅?摘 要本文对生物医用材料发展现状，要满足的性能，类型，以及常用的一些材料进行了全面的介绍。生物医用材料要满足的首要性能是生物相容性，因为这密切地关系着宿主的生命安全，还要有足够的力学性能，和组织相容性，以及耐生物老化性能。按其在生物体内的状态，这种材料可分近于惰性的生物医学材料，生物活性材料，可生物降解和吸收的材料。本文介绍一些常用的生物医用材料有，医用金属和合金主要包括，不锈钢，钴基合金，钛和钛基合金；医用高分子生物材料；医用生物陶瓷；医用生物复合材料；生物衍生材料。这些材料在现代医学中起着重要的作用，但其自身仍有许多的不足之处，需要进一步的发展和完善。关键词：生物医用材料，生物相容性，生物活性，降解，生物玻璃，衍生The characteristics and applicationof biomedical materialsAbstractThe development of bio-medical materials, the performance of satisfaction, type, and some commonly used materials were introduced comprehensively in the paper. The primary performance of Bio-medical materials to meet was the biocompatibility, because this was the close relationship with the lives of hosts, and they must have a sufficient mechanical properties, the organizational compatibility, and the performance of resistance biological aging. According the state in the body, materials were divided into near-inert biomedical materials, bio-active materials, and bio-degradation and absorption materials.?The article described some common bio-medical materials who were medical polymer biomaterials; medical bio-ceramics; medical bio-composite materials; bio-derived materials; and medical metals and alloys that were stainless steel, cobalt-based alloys, titanium and titanium-based alloys. These materials in modern medicine played an important role, but they still had many of their own shortcomings and needed the further development and improvement.??????????Key words: Bio-medical materials, biocompatibility, bioactivity, degradation, bio-glass, derivative??狭义的生物医用材料, 是指长期与活体组织接触或植入活体内部, 起某种生物功能的材料。而广义的生物医用材料还包括制造生物医药的原材料、医学诊断试剂、药物送达释放体系用材以及一次性使用的医用材料。生物医用材料及其制品已广泛应用于人体植入体。以现代科技手段生产的生物医用新材料及其制品在代替、修补、辅助修复人体组织器官上取得了显著的进展, 医学上已广泛用于制造人工心脏、心脏瓣膜、人造血管、人工肾、人造皮肤、人工骨, 以及药物释放体系等。已显示出较显著的社会和经济效益, 成为一个新兴产业[1]。预计未来10～20年内, 包括生物医用材料在内的医疗器械产业将达到药物市场规模, 成为世纪世界经济的支柱产业。[2]1.生物医用材料的性能特点作为体内移入物的材料, 不仅要在生物条件下物理机械性能长期稳定, 而且要对人体的组织、血液、免疫等系统不产生不良影响[3]。1.1生物相容性生物相容性是生物医学材料特定应用