第五讲高中英语语法指津与能力训练(上)讲义.docVIP

高考英语语法指津与能力训练 一、高考英语语法题命题思想解析 上海高考英语语法题总量16题，旨在考查学生的英语基础知识，注重测试考生在具体语境中的正确理解和灵活运用语法基础知识的能力。因此考生在复习中要注意以下两点： 1. 复习、掌握中学英语语法中最基本的结构。高考英语“语法”测试呈现出两大特点：一是基础性，基础知识测试面广，覆盖了词法、句法的基本知识点；二是语法测试题更呈现语境化，选用的题干语句上下文情景清晰，学生易于理解。如果仔细分析2007年和2008年高考语法部分，不难发现测试内容均是最基础的知识，如词法中的动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、情态动词、介词、代词、比较结构等，以及句法中的简单句、主从复合句、倒装结构等，而且题目难度也不高，一道试题一般测试一个语法点。可以说高考英语语法测试是集中在中学英语语法最核心的部分，不会有超出中学英语语法范围的偏题、怪题或过难、过深的题目。例如： （1）对介词的考查： (2007 上海) Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly ______ size and shape. A. on B. from C. by D. in 答案为D。 (2008 上海) The two sportsmen congratulated each other ______ winning the match by shaking hands. A. with B. on C. in D. to 答案为B。 （2）对形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的考查： (2007 上海) Alan is a careful driver, but he drives ______ of my friends. A. more carefully B. the most carefully C. less carefully D. the least carefully 答案为D。 (2008 上海) In my view, London’s not as expensive in price as Tokyo but Tokyo is ______ in traffic. A. the most organized B. more organized C. so organized as D. as organized as 答案为B。 (3) 对动词时态和语态的考查： (2007 上海) —Did you tidy your room? —No, I was going to tidy my room but I ______ visitors. A. had B. have C. have had D. will have 答案为A。 (2008 上海) In recent years many football clubs ______ as business to make a profit. A. have run B. have been run C. had been run D. will run 答案为B。 2. 学会分析题干句意。考生应该注意到近几年语法知识单项选择题命题的趋向：突出语言意义，要求考生不仅能从语言形式上辨认语法结构，更能从语意上领悟、把握题干所表达的语言情景，从而判断、选择在所给的特定的语言情景中须用的语法结构。例如： (2007 上海) —Guess what! I have got A for my tem paper. —Great! You ______ read widely and put a lot of work into it. A. must B. should C. must have D. should have 答案为C。 分析： 本对话表示乙方说话人推测的口气，甲方得了A，乙方推测甲方一定广泛阅读，花了很多的功夫。选项C“must have + 过去分词”表示了这种语气，因而是最佳答案。 (2007 上海) —It’s top secret. —Yes, I see. I will keep the secret ______ you and me. A. with B. around C. among D. between 答案为D。 分析： 本句情景是两人在谈论互相保守秘密，因此D， between 是正确答案。 (2008 上海) —Do