Lesson2AccountingElementsandAccountingEquation课件.pptVIP

An English Textbook for Accountants Lesson Two Accounting Elements and Accounting Equation Learning objectives: 1. Define the accounting elements. 2. Use the accounting equation to analyze business transactions Accounting elements 会计要素，即财务报表要素：Assets(资产)、Liabilities(负债)、Owner’s Equity(所有者权益)、Revenue(收入)、Expenses(费用)和Net Earnings(利润)。六要素是根据国际会计准则委员会（International Accounting Standard Committee,缩写IASC）的划分。 Assets Assets are the economic resources that are measurable by monetary value, owned or controlled by an enterprise, and expected to benefit future operations. 资产是企业拥有或控制的、未来预计能给企业经营带来利益的、能以货币计量的经济资源。 Assets can be classified into current assets and non-current assets. Current assets are those that are expected to be converted to cash, sold, or consumed within one year or one business’ normal operating cycle if longer than a year. Examples of current assets include cash, marketable securities, receivable, prepayments and inventory. Non-current assets refer to those assets that will be realized or consumed after one year or one operating cycle (if longer). Examples of this type asset include land, buildings, intangible assets and deferred assets. Liabilities Liabilities refer to obligations that legally bind an individual or company to settle a debt. They represent creditors’ claim or equity in a business. Liabilities fall into currents liabilities and long-term liabilities. Currents liabilities are the debts that are due within one year or the normal operating cycle, whichever is longer. Examples of currents liabilities include notes payable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, taxes payable, and so on. Long-term liabilities are the debts whose maturity period is longer than one year. Examples of long-term liabilities include bonds payable, long-term notes payable, permanent customer deposit, mortgages payable, certain types of lease obligations, deferred income taxes, etc. 长期负债的例子包括应付债券、长期应付票据、客户永久性定金、抵押借款、某些类别的租赁债务、递延所得税负债等。