出版历史与文化.pptx

Beijing Institute of Graphic CommunicationPublishing History and Culture外语系 谢婧 2014.10 The Invention of PrintingThe Invention of PrintingPrinting in ChinaPrinting in the westPrinting in ChinaPreparatory PeriodOrigin and Evolution of Chinese Characters Engraving TechniqueThe Emergence of Writing Brush, paper and ink.Transferring and Copying Technique 转印技术Writing on Silk and Bamboo SlipsPrinting in ChinaThe Invention of PrintingWoodblock PrintingClay Movable TypeWood Movable TypeOrigin and Evolution of Chinese CharactersOrigin of Chinese characters?The earthenware signs are the first Chinese characters, which originated from drawings.As one kind of the most ancient characters, Chinese characters have played a significant role in the development of Chinese culture. Originally, ancient Sumerian and ancient Egyptian symbols existed, but only Chinese characters remain today.Pictographs on EarthenwareBased on pictographs, Chinese characters combine shapes with sounds and connotations to form unique, block-shaped characters that carry meaning. Archaeological researchers discovered many such signs carved on earthenware excavated from Banpo Village in Xian City and Jiangzhai姜寨Village in Lintong. The etchings蚀刻 were carved during the Yangshao Culture Period some 6,000 years ago. More than 4,000 years ago, people living in Taian area of Shangdong Province also carved signs on earthenware. The character “旦”(dàn), meaning dawn, for instance; the sun (日) rises upwards, crossing the mountains and passing through cloud layers to tell people a new day has begun. It is safe to say that the earthenware signs are the first Chinese characters, which originated from drawings.The most sophisticated and earliest Chinese characters are the inscriptions on tortoises shells and animal bones called Jiaguwen (甲骨文oracle bone inscriptions) of the Shang Dynasty (17th-11th century BC) that resemble drawings. China has unearthed 150,000 pieces of an animal bone and tortoise shell, including