动词的时态之现在完成时.pptx

动词的时态之现在完成时CONTENTS 定义构成 过去分词用法定义(Present perfect)过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。句型构成基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词（p.p）①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed）+宾语（或者其他）.②否定句：主语+have not/has not+动词的过去分词（p.p）（V-ed）+宾语.③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词（p.p)（V-ed）+宾语（或其他）?④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）过去分词变化规则1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。　(1) 一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed” work---worked---worked visit---visited---visited 　(2) 以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d” live---lived---lived 　(3) 以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 “y” 变为 “i” ，再加“ed” study---studied---studied cry---cried---cried 　　(4) 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母，再加“ed” stop---stopped---stopped drop---dropped--dropped 不规则变化　　AAB型 beat beat beaten ABA型become became becomerun ran runcome came come 不规则变化　　ABB型catch caught caught dig dug dugfeel felt felt fight fought foughtfind found found hear heard heardhold held held keep kept keptlay laid laid lead led ledmake made made meet met metsell sold sold shoot shot shotsit sat sat stand stood stoodsweep swept swept teach taught taughttell told told think thought thoughtlose lost lost win won wonbring brought brought buy bought boughtbuild built builtburn burnt burnt不规则变化ABC型 begin began begun blow blew blownbreak broke broken choose chose chosendraw drew drawn drive drove drivendrink drank drunk fly flew flownwrite wrote written forget forgot forgottenfreeze froze frozen give gave givengrow grew grown know knew knownride rode ridden rise rose risenring rang rung shake shook shakensing sang sung sink sank sunkswim swam swum throw threw thrown基本用法1、表持续：现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作或开始的状态在过去并未完成或结束，而是一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束)。表示从过去到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间的时间状语有：lately, recently, in the last/past few days/years（在过去的几年里）,since then, up to n