2014航运行政管理法规-第二章船舶登记讲解.ppt

《1986年联合国船舶登记条件公约》是根据联合国贸易和发展会议（UNCTAD）关于排除方便旗船的请求而制定的。公约的目的是进一步明确船舶与船旗国之间的真正联系。该公约于1986年2月在日内瓦通过，但尚未生效。 /Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATYmtdsg_no=XII-7chapter=12lang=en （一）目的 (Objectives) 公约的前言部分及第一条阐述了《1958年日内瓦公海公约》和《1982年联合国海洋法公约》规定的船舶与船旗国之间必须存在一种真正的联系，并意识到船旗国有义务根据真正联系原则在行政、技术、经济和社会事务方面，对悬挂其国旗的船舶有效地行使管辖和控制。 Recalling that according to the 1958 Geneva Convention on the High Seas and the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea there must exist a genuine link between a ship and a flag State and conscious of the duties of the flag State to exercise effectively its jurisdiction and control over ships flying its flag in accordance with the principle of genuine link. 为了有效地行使其控制职能，船旗国应该确保对在该国登记的船舶管理人和经营负责人能易于识别并使其承担各自的责任（in order to exercise its control function effectively a flag State should ensure that those who are responsible for the management and operation of a ship on its register are readily identifiable and accountable）； 每个国家应该确定给予船舶国籍、船舶在其境内登记和悬挂其国旗的权利的条件（each state shall fix the conditions for the grant of its nationality to ships, for the registration of ships in its territory and for the right to fly its flag）； 应该本着主权国家之间相互谅解与合作的精神，解决与给予船舶国籍和登记条件有关的一切争议（to resolve in a spirit of mutual understanding and co-operation all issues relating to the conditions for the grant of nationality to, and for the registration of, ships）。 （二）船旗国管辖权 jurisdiction of flag state 1、悬挂国旗 （flag flying） 公约第4条规定：“每个国家，无论是沿海国还是内陆国，均有权使悬挂其国旗的船舶在公海上行驶；船舶具有其有权悬挂的旗帜所属国的国籍；船舶应仅悬挂一国的国旗航行；任何船舶均不得同时在两个或两个以上的国家的船舶登记簿上登记；除所有权确实转移或变更登记的情况外，船舶在航程中或在挂靠港内不得更换其旗帜。 Article 4 (1) Every State, whether coastal or land-locked, has the right to sail ships flying its flag on the high seas. (2) Ships have the nationality of the State whose flag they are entitled to fly. (3) Ships shall sail under the flag of one State only. (4) No ships shall be entered in the registers of ships of two or more States at a time, subject to provisions of paras 4 and 5 of article 11 and to article