养猪场环境质量控制技术卓坤水（参考）.pptx

养猪场环境质量控制技术Environmental Impact of Swine Manure猪粪对环境的影响1-Environmental Benefits of Manure猪粪对环境的好处? N leaching potential ?减少氮沥滤作用? soil erosion runoff ?减少土壤侵蚀和径流? soil carbon …. ?土壤的碳增加? crop productivity ?提高作物生产率Replace energy intensive N fertilizer limited resource P fertilizer 能够省下因制造无机氮肥导致的巨大能耗，还能节约磷肥资源 Summary of potential manure contaminants of water quality, the associated environmental risk, and most common pathway to water.小结：粪便物质对水质的污染 、有关的环境危害以及对水质最常见的污染途径Potential Pollutant可能的污染Environmental risk对环境的危害Most common pathway to water对水质最常见的污染途径Nitrate-N 硝酸盐Ammonia-N 氨Phosphorous-P 磷Pathogens病原体Organic solids有机固体物Blue baby syndrome蓝婴综合征Fish kills 杀死鱼类Eutrophication富营养化Human health risk危害人类健康Reduced oxygen level in water body-fish kills杀死鱼类，降低水中氧水平Leaching to groundwater沥滤入地下水Surface water runoff地表水径流Erosion and surface water runoff土壤侵蚀,地表水径流Surface water runoff地表水径流Surface water runoff地表水径流Manure Storage 222Septic TankWhat are the Pathways by which Manure Contaminates Water?粪便造成水污染的途径降雨Precipitation地下水位储粪罐5不饱和区4Unsaturated ZoneWater Table地下水位Sand Gravel AquiferBedrock1化粪池3PrivateWell含水沙土层私人水井基岩 Surface runoff 地表水径流Well casings井壁保护层Ammonia deposition氨沉降Leaching to groundwater沥滤入地下水Macropore flow大孔流1-Planning and Evaluation of Manure Storage对储粪设施的规划和评述20-Why Do We Store Manure?为什么要储存粪便？To reduce the need for frequent hauling and land spreading 避免频频装运和施肥To allow land spreading at a time when soil and climatic conditions are suitable 在土壤和气候条件都适宜时进行施肥To allow nutrient application at or near the crop’s growing season在接近和正处于作物栽培季节时进行施肥Manure Storage Types储粪设施的类型Commonly UsedManure Storage Facilities通常应用的储粪设施Based primarily on type and consistency of manure 主要根据粪便的类型和质地Solid 固体Slurry 粪浆Liquid 液体带圈舍的敞开式牧场舍饲系统类型径流固体物稀释去除固体物粪浆4～15%固体物土质储粪池0～2%固体物厌氧发酵池0～4%固体物固体物多于15%处理和储存农田施肥植被过滤抽吸灌溉设备真空罐或重型泵槽车施肥机Under-floor Deep Pit Manure Storage 地下深坑储粪坑真空抽吸口地下储粪坑Totally Slatted Deep Pit (3 meters deep) Finishing Barn全条板深坑(3米深)-肥育舍Shallow Gutter Manure Storage浅储粪槽18米18 meters(两端出