汉语中光杆名词所属关系指称义的认知解读.doc

汉语中光杆名词所属关系指称义的认知解读 刘洁 （河南大学 外语学院，河南 开封 475000） 摘要：一直以来，名词的指称义都是语言学学者们研究的一大领域。在汉语中存在一类名词——光杆名词，此类名词在文章中通常起类指作用，其也是汉语类指义表达的最基本形式和常规形式之一。本文尝试对中文光杆名词所属关系中指称义进行认知解读。所属关系在汉语中分为显性所属关系和隐性所属关系，显性所属关系可以很容易通过我们自身掌握的普遍知识得到正确的理解；但是隐性所属关系的指称义如何获知，需要进行深入研究和探讨。本文通过运用原型理论，对所选语料进行分析研究，发现汉语中的光杆名词除类指义之外，在所属关系中还能起到定指的作用，并归纳出了光杆名词所属关系定指义的五点基本属性，构成了人们对光杆名词所属关系定指义的认知机制体系，从而避免了对作者意图的错误理解。 关键词：光杆名词；类指；定指；所属关系；认知 中图分类号：H0 Cognitive Study on the Reference of Possessive Relationship in Chinese Bare NP Abstract LIU Jie (College of Foreign Languages, Henan University, Kai Feng 475000) The reference of nouns is always the prominent area for the linguistic scholars. There is a kind of nouns in Chinese梑are NP, this kind of NP always plays the generic reference role in the texts. It is also one of the most basic and normal forms of the generic reference. This text tries to do some researches on the bare NP of the possessive relationship in Chinese. In Chinese, possessive relationship can be distinguished into two types: overt possessive relation and covert possessive relation. We can understand the overt ones easily, according to our common knowledge which are stored in our mind. But how to get the reference type of the covert ones needs our researching and discussing. In this text, prototype help us do some analyses on the certain corpus, and it has found that, besides the generic reference, the bare NP in Chinese also plays the definitive role in certain possessive relationships. The author summarized the five basic principles of this kind of bare NP possessive relationship. They form the cognitive system, so that refrain from the misunderstanding between authors/ speakers and readers/ hearers. Key words: bare NP; generic reference; definite; possessive relationship; cognition 引言 汉语的指称系统强调其中的定指与不定指。从古至今，在汉语中指称系统的分类一直是学者们研究的主要对象，其中以陈平的一篇名为《释汉语中与名词性成分相关的四组概念》的文章为代表，因为该文章对名词性成分做出了比较合理与系统的分类，为后来研究者的工作提供了理论支撑和依据。 对于指称义的认知研究，我们首先要搞清楚指称系统中的几个概念。所谓“指称（reference）”是指在某种特定的情况下语言表