关于约翰.弥尔顿(John_Milton)作品及生平的英文ppt专用课件.ppt

John Milton(1608-1674) Life Background Works Quotes 约翰·弥尔顿（John Milton,1608～1674）英国诗人、政论家，民主斗士。弥尔顿是清教徒文学的代表，他的一生都在为资产阶级民主运动而奋斗，代表作《失乐园》是和《荷马史诗》、《神曲》并称为西方三大诗歌。 60年，王朝复辟，弥尔顿被捕入狱，不久又被释放。从此他专心写诗，为实现伟大的文学抱负而艰苦努力，在亲友的协助下，共写出3首长诗：《失乐园》(1667)，《复乐园》(1671)和《力士参孙》(1671)。1674年11月8日卒于伦敦。 《失乐园》(1667)长约一万行，分十二卷，故事取自《旧约》。夏娃和亚当因受撒旦引诱，偷吃善恶树上的禁果，违背了上帝旨令，被逐出乐园 《复乐园》(1671)四卷，根据《新约·路加福音》描述耶稣被诱惑的故事。 《力士参孙》(1671)是一出悲剧，取材于《旧约·士师记》。参孙是以色列民族英雄，被妻子大利拉出卖给非利士敌人，眼珠被挖掉，每日给敌人推磨。 英国文学中的古典主义因素早在文艺复兴时期已经存在，从弥尔顿的作品中也可以看到古代文学的影响。但古典主义作为一个流派则是随复辟王朝从法国回来之后才形成的。英国古典主义流派依附反动封建王朝，从一开始就具有保守倾向。他的创始者是约翰·德莱顿(1631-1700)。他是复辟王朝的桂冠诗人，信仰天主教，他站在保守立场写了一些政治讽刺诗、宗教论争诗和剧本。他的文学评论如《论剧诗》(1668)和许多作品的序言，强调理性和规律，指出悲剧中三一律的重要性，主张形式完美。他推崇古希腊、罗马作家，但也肯定乔叟、斯宾塞、莎士比亚的成就。他观察敏锐，对作家的评论时有灼见，超出前人和同时代的评论家。他的大量古典主义创作，系统的古典主义理论，他的讽刺诗的技巧，他的翻译，他的准确平易的散文，都对18世纪英国古典主义文学有很大影响。 * John Milton was born on December 9, 1608 on Bread Street in Cheapside, London, England to a scrivener and his wife. Miltons parents had six children, and Milton was one of the three who survived. And at age 16 Milton entered Christs College, Cambridge. Perhaps the finest student in his class, Milton received his B.A. in 1629 and M.A. in 1632. Milton was proficient in Latin, Greek, French, Italian, and Hebrew, and was an excellent swordsman. Milton had gone to Cambridge to become a clergyman, but he was dissuaded from this occupation due to tyranny in the church. So, Milton spent the 6 years after getting his M.A. reading the Greek and Latin classics, and studying mathematics and music. On the day before his 66th birthday, November 8, 1674, Milton died of gout-fever. He was buried in the Church of St. Giles, Cripplegate, beside his father. The Political Climate of Miltons Day The mid seventeenth-century was a time of great social and cultural turmoil. A series of political and military conflicts, now known as the English Civil War or the English Revolution, was waged intermittently between?Parliamentarians and Royalists from 1642 to 1651. The Political Climate of