超级杂交稻育种三步法设想与实践.doc

超级杂交稻设想 陈立云湖南农业大学Practice of Three-Procedure Breeding on Super Hybrid Rice CHEN Li-yun, XIAO Ying-hui, TANG Wen-bang, LEI Dong-yang （Rice Research Institution, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China） Abstract: The status of super hybrid rice breeding program both in China and other countries were introduced. The main problems, included 1)the super rice varieties are still rarely, 2) most super rice varieties exhibiting narrowed adaptation, 3)current breeding theories, which are too emphasized on the rice growth model, are lack in practicability on guidance for rice breeding, were proposed. According the author’s experience on the rice breeding, the breeding strategy, in which three procedures are included, were proposed. The present paper elucidated the objective of each procedure and the key technologies for achieve the goals in detail. The super parent should exhibit excellent performance in all agronomic traits, with the yield or sink capacity reached the level of the hybrid rice control in regional test. The criteria of the super hybrid cross included high rice quality, wide adaptation, lodging resistance, partial resistance to main insect and disease, and the yield exceeded above 8% than that of the control varieties in regional test. To achieve the goal, optional combination of the parents, increasing selection pressure, harmonious on ideal type, excellent physiological function and all the agronomic traits, should be emphasized. The yield of hybrid rice seed production should reached 3.75 t/hm2 and 5.25 t/hm2 as for early-season and middle-season type of male sterile line, respectively. The main technologies included selection of optional ecological site, using the male sterile line with large sink capacity and outcrossing characteristics, and improving the amount of the pollen by intensive cultivation of the male parent. According the breeding technologies, two super rice parents, include a male parent 996 and a T(P)GMS C815S, were bred. The