名词从句的译法.doc

名词从句的译法 英语名词从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。翻译这类从句时，大多数可按原文的句序译成对应的汉语，但也可由一些其它处理方法。现分述如下。 一、主语从句 1．以what, whatever, whoever 等代词引导的主语从句翻译时一般可按原文顺序翻译。 1）What he told me was only half-truth. 他告诉我的只是这些半真半假的东西而已。 2）Whatever he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression. 他此行所见所闻都给他留下了深刻的印象。 3）Whoever has made a voyage up the Hudson must remember the Kaatskill Mountains. 凡是在哈得逊河上游航行过的人是一定记得卡兹吉尔群山的。 2．以it 作形式主语所引出的真主语从句，翻译时视情况可以提前，也可以不提前。 （1）形式主语从句提前译，为了强调起见，it一般可以译出来，如果不需要强调，it也可以不译出来。 1) It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not. 他参加不参加会议没有多大关系。 2) It is a fact that the U. S. S. R. 苏联已把它的舰队派往世界各地，这是事实。 3) It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash. 驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后，竟然还能活着，这看来是不可想象的。 （2）形式主语从句不提前，it一般不需要译出来。 1) It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings. 真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。 2) It was obvious that I had become the pawn in some sort of toplevel power play. 很清楚，某些高级人物在玩弄权术，而我却成了他们的工具。 3) It is rumoured (reported) that the meeting will be held in June. 据传（报），这个会将在六月间举行。 二、宾语从句 1．用that, what, how引导的宾语从句汉译时一般不需要改变它在原句的顺序。 1) I told him that because of the last condition, I’d have to turn it down. 我告诉他，由于那最后一个条件，我只得谢绝。 2) Can you hear what I say? 你听得到我所讲的吗？ 3) I also told him how appealing I found the offer. 我也告诉他，这提供的机会对我有多大的吸引力。 4) He would never let the history books say of him that he had been content to sit on the sidelines, to be a gentle, leisurely President, letting events take their course. 他决不肯让将来的历史书说他甘当一个袖手旁观、悠闲文雅而听任事情自行发展的总统。 有时可加“说”字，再接下去译原文表语从句的内容。 1) Smith replied that he was sorry. 斯密斯回答说，他感到遗憾。 2) He would remind people again that it was decided not noly by himself but by lots of others. 他再三提醒大家说，决定这件事的不只是他一个人，还有其他许多人。 2．用it作形式宾语的句子，汉译时that引起的宾语从句一般可按原文顺序；it不译。 1) I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o’clock in the morning. 我向他们讲清楚了的，他们必须在上午十时前交卷。 2) I take it for granted that you will come and talk the matter over with him. 我想你