基于自由现金流量的企业价值评估.doc

南 京 工 程 学 院 毕 业 论 文 2015 年 4 月 摘 要 通过比较分析实际现金流量与企业价值（市场资本总额加上债务减去现金），我们的文件说，市场大大低估了公司。调查结果显示，股市似乎有一个非常高的折扣率在计算公司价值时否定未来收益。也就是说，折扣率如此之高，未来现金流量的绝大多数几乎被忽略。 我们的研究发现，股票价格不反映未来的企业盈利。与此发现形成对比，在金融教科书中众所周知的声明是，“一个公司的价值等于未来现金流量目前的贴现值”。事实上，我们发现企业价值大大高于目前的未来现金流量的贴现值。未来增加的1美元现金流量只产生了75%的企业价值。 我们工作的含义是明确的：公司价值远高于市场认为的更多。这对背后的私人股本行业的想法提供了强有力的支持。我们认识到，近来私人股本公司已为收购付超额付出，并可能会在当前去杠杆化时期失去他们的全部投资。然而，如果私人股本公司使用较少的债务，以合理的价格收购公司，他们很可能要创造一个重大价值，原因是基于现金流量公司被市场相低估。 以前没有按照我们以实际现金流量为基础的方法设计的研究成果。相反，以前的研究都集中在预测的现金流量（按市场分析师的结果）和企业价值之间的关系。我们研究方法的重点是不同的问题 ----- 贴现的未来现金流量和以金融理论所假定的当前的市场价值关系。关键词：企业价值，实际现金流量，现金流量，估价 ABSTRACT By analyzing actual cash flows in comparison with enterprise values (market capitalization plus debt minus cash) we document that the market dramatically undervalues firms. The findings suggest that the equity market appears to have an extraordinarily high discount rate which negates future earnings in the calculus of firm value. That is, the discount rate is so high that the vast majority of future cash flows are virtually ignored. Our research finds that stock prices do not reflect future corporate earnings. This finding contrasts with the well known statement in finance textbooks that “the value of a firm equals the present discounted value of future cash flows.” In fact, we find that enterprise values are substantially less than the present discounted value of future cash flows. A one-dollar increase in future cash flows produces only a 75 cent increase in a firm’s enterprise value. The implication of our work is clear: companies are worth far more than the market believes. This provides strong support to the idea behind the private equity industry. We realize that of late private equity firms have overpaid for acquisitions and may lose their entire investment during the current phase of deleveraging. Yet, if private equity firms acquire companies at reasonable prices using less debt, they are likely to create substantial value as a