非谓语动词要点讲解.doc

非谓语动词 定义：动词除在句子中作谓语以外，还具有名词，形容词及副词的性质，在句中可作主语、表语、定语、状语和补语等，这就是非谓语动词。动词的非谓语分为：不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词） 不定式 不定式的作用 作主语： ①To finish the work today is important. ② How to finish the work is important. ③It’s important for us to finish the work today. ★It做形式主语，to do是真正主语 ④It’s kind of you to help us. ★某些表示人的品行的形容词作表语时，常用of sb to do，如：kind, nice, careless, wise, foolish, stupid, silly, clever, polite, thoughtful, rude, impolite等。 2. 作表语： My ambition/ wish is to be a doctor. 不定式表将来 My job is to teach English. 不定式表某个特定动作=doing = My job is teaching English. 3. 作宾语： ① I want to see you at once. I decided not to accept his invitation. ★只接不定式做宾语的动词：wish, want, hope, refuse, ask, demand, decide, manage, plan, expect, promise, fail, learn, offer, agree, afford, prepare, pretend. ② He gave me some advice on how to learn English./how I should learn English. I’m thinking about what to do next./ what I should do next. ★介词+ 特殊疑问词+to do= 介词+宾语从句 ③ I can do nothing but wait at home. ★介词后常加doing，but后面加to do，表除了做……，但是前有do，后无to。 ④ I find/ believe/ think… it impossible to finish the work today. ★ it 是形式宾语，to do 是真正宾语。 4. 作宾补： ①He told me (not) to do so. ★ 常带不定式做宾补的动词：ask, tell, invite, force, advise, get, allow, want, wish, order, expect, encourage, warn, permit. ②I saw her enter the house just now. ---She was seen to enter the house just now. He made us work for him. ---We were made to work for him. 后面接不带to 的不定式的动词有： 五看二听一感觉，经常完成要用do。 如果表示正在做，要用doing别记错。 make，let和have，后面要加某人do。 主动带to就错误，被动必须加上to。 五看: see, watch, notice, observe, look at; 二听：hear，listen to； 一感觉：feel ★help sb (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 help (to) do sth 帮助做某事 5. 作定语： I have a lot of work to do. I have only a small room to live in. （不及物动词后的介词不能省略） I need some paper to write on. He gave me a knife to cut the cake with. 6. 作状语： ①目的状语 I get up early to catch the first bus. = To catch the first bus, I get up early. = I get up early in order to catch the bus. = In order to catch the bus, I get u