一轮复习：介词代词.doc

Ⅰ介词综述 1、介词的分类 介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等）构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。从结构上看，介词可以分为下面几类。 简单介词： about above across after against along below around as at before behind beneath besides between beyond but by despite during except of off on opposite over past per plus round since than under via with unlike 等等 例如：Stars look quite bright against the dark blue sky.在深蓝色天空的映衬下…… After 25 years the town centre had changed beyond (all) recognition. 25年过去了, 市中心变得认不出来了。 We flew to Athens via Paris and Rome.我们经由巴黎和罗马飞到雅典。 合成介词 alongside inside into onto out of outside throughout upon within without 带ing词尾的介词 concerning including regarding following considering 例如：You managed the project well, considering your inexperience. 考虑到你缺乏经验，对你来说，这个方案你已处理得很好了。 成语介词 according to ahead of along with apart from as for as to because of but for by means of due to except for in front of in spite of in stead of in view of on account of on behalf of owing to up to for the sake of等等 例如：She had no idea at all as to what she ought to do next. The flight was cancelled due to bad weather. Now people can keep in touch by means of modern communication equipment. 2、介词短语 介词后的词或词语也叫作宾语，“介词+宾语”构成介词短语。介词短语不同于短语介词，短语介词作用只相当于一个介词，不能单独使用，只有构成介词短语后才能充当一定的句子成分。 介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。如： ①This machine is in good condition.(表语) ②He seems to know he solution to the problem.(定语) ③I arrived at the concert hall in good time我及时到达了音乐厅。(状语) ④We found her in better spirits that evening.（宾补） Ⅱ常见介词用法例解 1. about Naturally, my mother wanted to know all about it.　 Im really worried about Jack. We spent the afternoon walking about the town. (in different parts of a place到处) about构成的惯用短语 be about to do...when.... How/What about...? 2. above We lived in the room above the store. (在...上方) Tonight, temperatures should be just above freezing.（多于，超过） He is above me in rank. (在级别上高于，优于) The book is above my understanding. (超乎......之所及) above构成的惯用短语 above all 尤其是，最重要的是 above one’s head/understanding不可理解 above the average 超过一般水平