to do 跟doing 经典解析 考试必看.doc

一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别 1．感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词have 后面的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词（不带to 的不定式）、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或正在进行，过去分词表被动或完成，动词原形表主动和完成。如： I heard her sing an English song just now. 刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。 I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天经过她房间时，我听见她在唱英文歌。 I heard the English song sung many times. 我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。 注意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成和状态。如： I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (状态) I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. (完成) 2．leave 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中的leave 保留了原来之义“留下”，但表达的确切之义应是“使……处于某种状态）。 leave sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事（宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系，表示动作正在进行。） leave sth. undone 留下某事未做（宾语和宾补之间是动宾关系，表示被动和完成，一般以undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 为多） leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事 leave sth. to be done 留下某事要做（不定式表示将来的动作。） 如：It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running. 你让机器一直开着是不对的。（主动，正在进行） The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious. 客人们没有动大部分菜，因为它们尝起来不可口。（被动，完成） He left, leaving me to do all the rest work. 他走了，留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。（主动，将来） We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled. 我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议，留下了很多问题等待解决。（被动，将来） 3．have, get 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中have, get 表示“使、让、叫”之意。 ① have sth. done = get sth. done “使/让某事由别人去做”（叫/让某人做某事）。如 I’ll have /get my bike repaired tomorrow. 此外，have sth. done 还表示“使遭受……”之意。如 Tom had his leg broken while playing football. Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday. ② have sb. / sth. doing 使/让某人/物持续地做某事（现在分词表示主动，正在进行） get sb. / sth. doing 使某人/物开始行动起来 如：The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time. 农忙时，农民们让拖拉机夜以继日地干活。 The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. 休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来。 注意：“have sb. doing”若用于否定句中，其中have 有“容忍”之意。如： I won’t have you speaking to your parents like that. 我不会让你那样子跟你的父母说话。 Don’t have the water running all the time. 不要让水流个不停。 ③ have sb. do sth. (get sb. to do sth. ) 使/让/叫某人去做某事 如：Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt