专四重点语法.docx

第一讲 虚拟语气虚拟语气类型宾语从句, 状语从句, 名词性从句（主语从句，同位语从句， 表语从句）, 定语从句特殊类型 （感叹句）省略if?的虚拟法 （倒装）ExamplesThe?rapid?change?of?society?requires?that?college?students?adapt?to?the?world?outside?campus by?getting?to?know?the?society.I?would?rather?that?you?did?nothing?for?the?time?being.I?wish?that?I?were?a?student?again.I?wished?that?I?had?followed?his?suggestion.名词性从句中的虚拟主语从句(it?is?+adj./p.p?that)同位语从句(The?+n.?that?)表语从句(n. +be?that)省略if?的虚拟法 （倒装）(1)虚拟语气中如果从句引导词if?/?whether?省略，从句中需要倒装，提前助动词(系动词）或情态动词。Eg.?If?it?should?rain?tomorrow,?we?would?not?be?able?to?have?the?sports?meeting.=Should?it?rain?tomorrow,?we?should?not?be?able?to?have?the?sports?meeting.省略if?的虚拟法 （倒装）(2)Eg.?Whether?it?(may)?be?fine?or?rainy,?we?would?have?the?sports?meeting.=Be?it?fine?or?rainy,?we?would?have?the?sports?meeting.If?she?had?been?given?more?information,?she?could?have?answered?the?questions.=Had?she?been?given?more?information,?she?could?have?answered?the?questions.虚拟语气的动词标志insist,?suggest,?require,?request,?demand,?propose,prefer,?maintain,?move,?urge,?recommend, command,?order等动词表建议、愿望时，其后宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。Should?+Vwish其后宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。虚拟语气的名词标志1 “necessity”或“suggestion”等名词后面的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。2 名词word?表“命令”时，其后主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词需用虚拟语气 (should)+V。3?wish?作名词时其后主语从句，表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词需用虚拟语气(should)+V。虚拟语气的形容词标志It?is?+?adj.?that?句型中出现形容词如necessary,?important,?vital,?decisive,?critical,?crucial,urgent,?strange,?desirable,?advisable,?disappointing, 或过去分词充当的形容词如suggested, proposed,?advised,?demanded,?requested,?required等时，that?句中用should?+?V?表示虚拟。虚拟的介词标志But?for相当于if?it?had?not?been?for。But?for?her?help,?I?would?have?lost?my?way.Without,?in?the?absence?of?等组成的短语可相当于一个虚拟的条件从句。Without?the?light?and?heat?of?the?sun,?what?would?become?of?all?the?animals?on?earth?In?the?absence?of?water,?plants?would?not?grow?well.Under…condition,也可相当于一个虚拟条件从句。Under?more?favorable?conditions,?we?would?have?made?more?achievements.错综时间的虚拟条件状语从句中谓语动词的形式可与主句中谓语动词的形式不“配套”，即错综时间的虚拟。If?he?had?done?as?I?had?suggested?then,?he?wouldnt?be