非谓语动词复习课件.ppt

高三语法复习非谓语动词 一、非谓语动词概述 1. 什么是谓语动词？什么是非谓语动词？ 谓语动词：在句子中充当谓语的动词 非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句子中可以充当谓语动词外的成分。 2. 非谓语动词在句子中的作用 一个句子中已存在一个主句（含谓语动词），又没有连词的情况下，再出现一个动词则用非谓语动词。 eg. She got off the bus, but she ________(leave) her handbag on the seat. She got off the bus, ________(leave) her handbag on the seat. 3. 非谓语动词的种类：不定式、动名词、分词（现在分词、过去分词） left leaving 4. 非谓语动词的三种最基本形式： to do : doing : done : 5. 非谓语动词的各种形式： to do doing 定语表将来；状语表目的、结果 主动、进行 被动、完成 to do to be done (被动式) to be doing (进行式) to have done (完成式) to have been done (完成被动式) doing being done (被动式) having done (完成式) having been done (完成被动式) done 只有一种形式 注意：否定时一律将not放于非谓语动词前。 二、非谓语动词的用法比较 （一）非谓语动词语法功能比较 主 谓 宾 表 定 状 补 to do不定式 doing动名词 doing现在分词 done过去分词 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ （二）不定式(to do)与动名词(doing)作主语的区别 1. to do表某一具体动作，doing表习惯动作或抽象概念。 eg. _________ (swim) is a good form of exercise. _________ (swim) this afternoon sounds good. 2. it作形式主语相应句型。 代替不定式作形式主语： It is adj./n.(for/of sb.) to do sth. it takes/ took sb. some time to do sth. 代替动名词作形式主语： It is no use/good doing sth. It is a waste of time doing sth. Swimming To swim （三）不定式(to do) 与动名词(doing)作宾语的区别 1. 下面动词后跟不定式(to do)做宾语 如：decide, determine, want, expect，wish, hope, agree, refuse，manage, offer, pretend, promise等。 2. 下面动词只跟动名词(doing)作宾语： mind, miss(错过)，enjoy，escape, practise, consider(考虑)，keep, avoid, admit, appreciate, risk，finish, forbid(禁止), imagine。 注意：allow / advise doing 或 allow / advise sb. to do 3. 可跟不定式(to do)也可跟动名词(doing)作宾语的动词 1）意义有区别： mean try stop go on remember forget regret 2）意义无区别： continue to do/doing, start to do/doing, begin to do/doing to do doing to do doing to do doing to do doing to do doing to do doing to do doing （四）非谓语动词作表