203COA讲课.pptVIP

Theodor Fliedner and his wife Friederike in 1836 in the middle of Kaiserwerth, which is now the “Stammhaus” (parent branch). The newly-built training centre developed into the centre of the sisterhood and the deaconess institute. Friederike Fliedner, born Münster, is one of the 19th centurys many Christian women, who have been long forgotten. In the history of nursing, she is best known as the wife of the Reverend Theodor Fliedner, the founder of the Protestant Nursing Sister movement, and as his assistant in this work. Although the couple started the movement together, Friederike Fliedners contribution was particularly comprehensive, and this was crucial in the foundation of both professional nursing and womens rights for an independent position. Despite the brevity of Friederike Fliedners influence on these two important areas, taking place between 1836 and 1842, her contribution was so significant that it has a relevance for nursing and for women today. * * There have been caregivers throughout human history. Where there is illness, you will find a caregiver of some sort in the picture. Florence Nightingale elevated the role of caregiver to that of a professional nurse during the Crimean War in 1854, when she brought standards of care and infection control to wounded soldiers. She started a school for nursing, but it was not the first school. 1907年，信宝珠（CoraE Simpson）女士从美国来到中国福州，就任马高爱医院护士长（福建医科大学附属协和医院前身）。信宝珠发现，当地病人很多，却没有护士，照顾病人的工作被当作苦力，被人瞧不起。 * 秋瑾（1877～1907）原名秋闺瑾，字璇卿，后改名竞雄，又称鉴湖女侠，祖籍浙江山阴（今绍兴市），出生于福建厦门。性豪侠，习文练武，喜男装。??????? 1905年秋，秋瑾在日本被推为同盟会浙江分会主盟人和评议部评议员。翌年归国，在上海创办中国公学。不久，任教于浔溪女校。在北四川路一民宅（今祥经里开明新村内）试制炸弹，供革命党人用。九月，又在厚德里91号（今四川北路1515弄内）赁屋，门悬“蠡城学社”，筹办出版《中国女报》。秋瑾亲自撰写《发刊词》等，提出中国“二万万女同胞，非自立不可”，女子要“学问艺业”，“反对缠足”。《中国女报》在此出版两期，销达北京、上海和江、浙、皖三省。1907年1月《中国女报》创刊。秋瑾撰文宣传女解放主张提倡女权，宣传革命。　　1907年2月秋瑾接任大通学堂督办。不久与徐锡麟分头准备在浙江、安徽两省同时举事。联络浙江、上海军队和会党，组织光复军，推徐锡麟为首领，自任协领，拟于7月6日在浙江、安徽同时起义。因事泄，于7月13日在大通学堂被捕。7月15日从容就义于浙江绍兴轩亭口。后人辑有《秋瑾集》。 信宝珠致函博医会出版委员会编辑兼秘书高士兰医生（P.B.Cousland），倡议在中国成立护士会组织。她在信中说