chapter4(body).pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * Thank you! * * Surface structure----corresponding to the final syntactic form of the sentence which results from appropriate transformations; it is that of the sentence as it is pronounced or written. 表层结构是通过恰当转换而形成的句子的最终句法形式;它是句子的朗读和书面形式. * * Deep structure surface structure Consider one more sentence: Flying planes can be dangerous. It can mean either that if you fly planes, you are engaged in a dangerous activity or Planes that are flying are dangerous. （开飞机可能是危险的。）／（飞行中的飞机可能是危险的。） * The organization of the syntactic component句法成分结构 The XP rule Deep structure transformations Surface structure Subcategorization restricts choice of complements 次范畴限制了补语的选择 * Wh-movement (Wh移位) Consider the derivation of the following sentences: What languages can you speak? What can you talk about? These sentences may originate as (deep structure): You can speak what languages. You can talk about what. * To convert these deep structures into the corresponding surface structures, we need a transformation that will move the wh phrase from its position in deep structure to a position at the beginning of the sentence. This transformation is called Wh Movement. 为了将这些深层结构转换为相应的表层结构, 我们需要一种转换, 这种转换会把Wh 短语从其深层结构的位置移动到句首. 这种转换被称为Wh移位. * Wh-movement Wh-movement---- Move a wh phrase to the beginning of the sentence. What language can you speak ? What can you talk about ? * Wh-movement Wh-movement---- Move a wh phrase to the specifier position under CP. (Revised) CP VP V NP won the game S NP Infl e Pst NP C Who * * * * * Move α and constraints on transformations (α移位和转换的限制)  α is a cover term for any element that can be moved from one place to another. 是一个包含性术语， 可以指能够从一个位置移到另一个位置的任何成分。 * 1.Inversion can move an auxiliary from the Infl to the nearest C position, but not to a more distant C position. 1.倒置可以将助词从的位置移到最近的C位置, 而不能移到较远的C位置. * [CP [ InflP Geoffrey should know [ CP