光伏发电的自动跟踪系统的设计.doc

基于光伏发电的自动跟踪系统的设计 摘要 太阳能作为一种可以永续使用的绿色可再生能源，有着巨大的开发应用潜力。但由于光伏电池的输出特性与外界环境因素的变化有很大关系，目前大规模量产的光伏电池光电转换效率仍然不高且价格昂贵。光伏发电自动跟踪装置是提高太阳能利用率，降低光伏发电成本的有效途径。研究精确的太阳跟踪装置，可使光伏电池板接收到更多的太阳辐射能量，增加发电量。 本课题主要论述了单轴太阳能自动跟踪系统的设计方法。对自动跟踪控制系统的组成及其功能进行了详细的分析与研究，采用单片机 AT89S8252作为控制芯片，设计了整套自动跟踪装置。所设计出的系统具有体积小、功耗低、成本低、抗干扰能力强等特点。 关键词：光伏系统；太阳角自动跟踪；单轴跟踪系统 Automatic tracking based on photovoltaic energy system design Chen Hongliang Faculty adviser: Chen Xiuhong (Electrical Engineering and Automation Program Electrical and Mechanical Science and Engineering, Hebei Normal University of Science Technology) Abstract Sustainable use of solar energy as a can of green renewable energy, has great potential for the development and application. However, the output characteristics of photovoltaic cells and changes in environmental factors closely related to the current mass production of photovoltaic cells conversion efficiency remains low and high price. Automatic tracking photovoltaic solar power plant is to increase utilization, reduce the cost of photovoltaic power generation an effective way. Of accurate solar tracking device, photovoltaic panels can receive more solar radiation energy, to increase capacity. This thesis mainly describes the method of single axis solar energy automatic tracing system. Every part of this automatic system and its function are analyzed in detail. A set of automatic tracing device is designed with Microcontroller AT89S8252. This system has four characteristics, such as smaller cubage, lower power, and lower cost, more robust despite stronginterfere. Key words: Photovoltaic system; Solar angle automatic tracing; Single axis tracing system 第1章 引言 能源问题关系到经济是否能够可持续发展。一次能源的日益枯竭，已引起全世界的极大关注。现在人们常用的一次能源有煤炭，石油，原子能等。人们能源消费的大部分的煤炭和石油都是有限的，不可再生的。形势是很严峻的，当前世界多数国家对能源问题都很重视。新能源技术及节能技术在世界范围内迅速发展。太阳能，绿色生物能，燃料电池，海洋能等新能源的研究与应用为人们描绘出希望。其中太阳能应用技术以其独特的优势在全世界蓬勃发展，使人们在能源危机的焦虑中，感到不少欣慰[1]。 我国地处北半球欧亚大陆的东部，土地辽阔，幅员广大。我国的国土跨度从南至北，自西至东，距离都在5000km以上，总面积达960 ×104 k