引导名词性从句的连接词.doc

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连词： that（无任何词意） whether, if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性） as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”） 以上在从句中均不充当任何成分 连接代词： What, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, whichever, whomever 连接副词： When, where, how, why, how many, how much, how often 一、名词性that-从句 主语：That she is still alive is her luck. 他还活着全靠运气。 宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。 表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。 同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。 形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你对工作满意我感到很高兴。 一、无词义 that引导名词性从句时无词义，仅仅起连接或引导从句的作用。例如： I wish that she would understand me.我希望她能理解我。 It is said that there have been great changes in our hometown.据说，我们的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。 The reason he didnt come was that he was ill. 他没有来的原因是他病了。 There is a possibility that he is a spy.他可能是个间谍。 二、不作语法成分 that在引导名词性从句时，在从句中不能充当任何语法成分，对从句的结构无任何影响。 It happened that it was raining heavily that day. 碰巧那天下大雨。 The fact is that we havent enough money for that project.事实是我们没有足够的资金去实施那个项目。 They made a decision that they should take action to protect the nature. 他们做出决定：应该采取行动来保护大自然。 但要注意：在定语从句中，that作为关系代词，既用以代替先行词又在定语从句中作成分，这是区别定语从句与同位语从句的一个重要依据。 The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.我们被邀请去参加会议的消息令人鼓舞。(that在从句中不作成分，该从句为同位语从句)。 The news that he heard isnt true.他听到的消息不真实。（that指代news，且作heard的宾语，故that引导的是定语从句。） 三、可省略或不可省略的情况 that用于引导名词性从句时，要注意其可省略或不可省略的情况。 1. 在主语从句中 当我们用从句作主语时，经常用it作形式主语，而将真正主语从句置于句末，在这种情况下，that一般不可省略。例如： It is certain that he will succeed.他会成功是确定的。 2. 在宾语从句中 ⑴若主句的谓语动词是appear， agree，learn， suggest， observe等时，that通常不可省略。例如： We agreed that all the students must plant trees in the park. 我们一致赞同，所有学生须在公园里植树。 ⑵若主句的谓语动词是hear， know，say， consider， understand， propose， be told等时，that可省略也可不省略。例如： I heard (that) she had joined the army already. 我听说她已参军了。 ⑶当主句的谓语动词是think， suppose， believe， dare， say等心理活动意义的动词