引述或转述别人的话称为.doc

引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“??”标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句，其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢?? ? (一)人称的转变 1.?直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如：? He?said，“I?am?very?sorry.?”? He?said?that?he?was?very?sorry.?? 2.?直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如：? “You?should?be?more?careful?next?time,?”my?father?told?me.?? ?My?father?told?me?that?I?should?be?more?careful?the?next?time.? 3.?直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如：? She?said?to?her?son,?“Ill?check?your?homework?tonight.?”? She?said?to?her?son?that?she?would?check?his?homework?that?night.?? 4.?人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：? He?asked?me,?“Will?you?go?to?the?station?with?me?to?meet?a?friend?of?mine?this?afternoon?”? ??He?asked?me?whether?I?would?go?to?the?station?with?him?to?meet?a?friend?of?his?that?afternoon.?? 总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。? ? (二)时态的转换 直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句(即间接引语部分)的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态(实际也是宾语从句的时态要求)，变化如下：? 一般现在时?一般过去时? 现在进行时?过去进行时? 现在完成时?过去完成时? 一般将来时?过去将来时? 一般过去时?过去完成时? 过去完成时?不变? 过去进行时?不变 如：? 1)“I?am?very?glad?to?visit?your?school”,?she?said.?? She?said?she?was?very?glad?to?visit?our?school.?? 2)Tom?said,?“We?are?listening?to?the?pop?music.?”? Tom?said?that?they?were?listening?to?the?pop?music.?? 3)Mother?asked,?“Have?you?finished?your?homework?before?you?watch?TV?”? Mother?asked?me?whether?I?had?finished?my?homework?before?I?watched?TV.?? 4)He?asked?the?conductor,?“Where?shall?I?get?off?to?change?to?a?No.?3?bus?”? He?asked?the?conductor?where?he?would?get?off?to?change?to?a?No.?3?bus.?? 5)“Why?did?she?refuse?to?go?there?”the?teacher?asked.?? The?teacher?asked?why?she?had?refused?to?go?there.?? 6)Mother?asked?me,?“Had?you?finished?your?homework ?before?you?watched?TV?”? Mother?asked?me?whether?I?had?finished?my?homework?before?I?watched?TV.?? 7)Tom?said,?“We?were?having?a?football?match?this?time?yesterday.?”? Tom?said?that?they?were?having?a?football?match?