贸易自由化和发展.ppt

* * * * * * * Share of Manufacturing Value Added in GDP shows the contribution of the manufacturing sector in total production in a country. The relative size of manufacturing in a country is a significant indicator of the state of development of an economy * * * * * * * Trade, Investments Jobs: Agenda for Trade Union Actions (for sustainable development )贸易、投资和就业：工会行动纲领（为了可持续发展） Turin, ITC, 19 April 2012 2012年4月19日 国际培训中心 都灵 Esther Busser 伊瑟·布塞尔 ITUC GO 国际工联 Key questions关键问题 What is the current trade and investment debate? 现在的贸易、投资辩论是什么？ What kind of trade is needed for decent jobs? 体面就业需要什么样的贸易？ What kind of investment is needed for decent jobs? 体面就业需要什么样的投资？ What instruments do trade unions have? 工会有什么工具？ Trade liberalization: the current view贸易自由化：当今观点 The neoliberal and still prevailing view is that trade liberalization is beneficial for economic growth and employment 新自由主义以及仍然盛行的观点认为贸易自由化有利于经济增长和就业 WTO, World Bank, IMF, OECD and even ILO still continue to promote free trade, non-protectionism and further trade liberalization 世贸组织、世界银行、国际货币基金组织、经合组织、甚至国际劳工组织仍在继续推行自由贸易、反对保护主义、支持贸易进一步自由化 Trade liberalization: the current view贸易自由化：当今观点 BUT: 但是 The quality of the growth is entirely ignored (what kind of jobs (quality) are created and does it benefit or undermine industrialization and structural transformation) 经济增长的质量被完全忽视（创造了什么样的就业/就业质量，这样的就业是否有利于或有害于工业化和结构转型） The distribution of costs and benefits of this growth are ignored (although increasingly recognized now) 经济增长的成本和成果分配被忽视（尽管现在越来越受到关注） Trade liberalization and employment : some results贸易自由化和就业：一些结论 Trade liberalization has led to job destruction and creation which requires accompanying policies like job matching, skills and unemployment benefits that are absent most of the time 贸易自由化导致了就业损失和创造，要求相配套的政策，例如就业匹配、技能和失业福利，而这些往往缺失 Income inequalities have worsened through globalization and trade liberalization (more competitive pressures and less bargaining power of unions and governments vis-à-vis mult