城市儿童福利制度的调查研究.doc

城市儿童福利制度的调查研究 摘要 随着人类社会的不断进步，儿童健康成长日益成为世界各国共同关注的焦点。与欧美等发达国家相比，我国儿童福利事业仍处于早期阶段。目前，我国尚未建立覆盖全部儿童的福利制度。因此，将有限的资源优先用于需要帮助的儿童成为必然选择，儿童福利机构就是保障孤儿、弃婴生存权益的最后一道屏障。但是，儿童福利机构在发展过程中面临着工作人员，尤其是各类专业人员的长期短缺，需照顾儿童的数量多且身体状况复杂，资金来源不足，封闭式养护方式不利于儿童社会化等诸多问题。因此，目前我国福利制度的最重要的是找出帮助他们回归家庭、融入社会的方法。 本文在国家提出利用社会力量兴办社会福利事业政策的大背景下，结合西方儿章福利理论的研究成果，对儿童福利机构运用社会力量养育儿童的情况进行了研究。有关数据显示，与非政府组织合作开展的儿童照顾方式是有效的，在提升院内儿童能力的同时也带来了西方先进的儿童管理经验，但是这种方法并不能从根本上改变我国仍是剩余型城市儿童福利的现状。要彻底转变这个情况，需要从社会保障制度的构建、政策的制定、法律的完善、非政府组织力量的培育等多方面进行改革。 关键词：城市儿童福利，儿童福利机构 ABSTACT Along with the development of human society,children have been given much concern by the intemational society.Compared with the western developed countries,we are still in the early stage of children’s welfare．At the present time，we ale not establishing the childrens welfare system which covered with all the children.Using the finite resources on to the children who need help is all inevitable choice．Welfare centers for children，taking as the last safety net，for orphans，are the basic project for the welfare system in China.But the welfare centers for children have many problems in the process of development, such as lack of staffs especially the various kinds of professional staffs，the children who need to take care of are numerous and have complex health conditions, the source of funds are shortage,enclosed rearing practice make against children’s socialization,etc. For these reasons,we should not only concern with the principle of combining upbringing,treatment and education,but also help them to find a way back into the family and society. This dissenation based on the background that the country proposes to use social resources to establish social welfare，and it also combines with western child welfare theories·The research methods of this paper are interviewing the leader and the staffs.By using this method，we get the results that cooperate with non-governmental organizations to care children is effectivet By this way, childrens ability is upg