3.胸膜腔内压.pptVIP

第五章 呼 吸respiration 王庭槐教授 Pro. WANG Tinghuai 机体与外界环境之间 的气体交换过程，称为呼吸. The gas exchange process between organization and environment is named respiration. 摄取O2 uptake oxygen 排出CO2 output carbon dioxide 第一节 肺通气 Pulmonary Ventilation 肺通气是肺与外界环境之间的气体交换过程。 Pulmonary ventilation is the gas exchange process between lungs and environment. 实现肺通气的器官 organs to complete pulmonary ventilation 1.呼吸道：沟通肺泡与外界环境，加温、加湿、过滤、清洁吸入气体和防御反射 Respiratory passageway:communicates alveoli and environment, warms the air,gets the air wet, filters the air,cleans the air and completes the defense reflex. 2.肺泡 交换的场所 Alveolus: place for exchange 3.胸廓 肺通气的动力 Thorax: power of pulmonary ventilation 一、肺通气原理 Mechanics of Pulmonary Ventilation 两方面因素 Two factors 一是推动气体流动的动力；二是阻止其流动的阻力。 One is the power to push gas flowing. The other is resistance to prevent gas flowing. 前者必须克服后者，才能实现肺通气 The former must overcome the latter , and then pulmonary ventilation can be completed. （一）肺通气的动力 power of pulmonary ventilation  1.呼吸运动 respiratory movement 2.肺内压 intrapulmonary pressure 3.胸膜腔内压 intrapleural pressure 1.呼吸运动 respiratory movement 呼吸肌收缩舒张引起的胸廓扩大和缩小称为呼吸运动.（吸气运动，呼气运动） Thoracic expansion and contraction caused by respiratory muscles are named respiratory movement. (inspiration, expiration) 吸气肌：膈肌和肋间外肌 Muscles of inspiration : diaphragm and external intercostal muscles 呼气肌：肋间内肌和腹肌 Muscles of expiration : internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles 辅助吸气肌：斜角肌、胸锁乳突肌等 Muscles of aiding inspiration : scalenus muscles , sternocleidomastoid muscles. （1）过程 Process 1）平静呼吸：eupnea a. 吸气：吸气肌收缩－胸廓扩张－肺扩张－肺容量增加－肺内压暂时下降－气体进入肺 Inspiration: inspiration muscles contract - thoraxes expand-lungs expand- lung volumes increase - intrapulmonary pressure decreases temporarily –gas enters l