关于考研英语的几个基本概念问题.doc

几个基本概念的问题 (一)句子成分 英语的句子成分主要包括：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。其中主语、谓语和宾语属于整个句子的主干部分。 I do. I love you (with heart and soul). You make me happy. I will give you my life. You are my angle. (二)两个简单句及其扩展 　　主语+谓语+宾语 主语+系动词+表语 　　其实所有的句子都是在这两个句子的基础之上通过重组、叠加变复杂的。 比如说下面这句话，其最初的形式是：I (主语)+love(谓语)+you(宾语)，其中I为主语，love为谓语，you为宾语。那么我们来变一下。 1.主语的扩展 ①I, full of creativity and imagination, love you. (这句话通过给主语添加形容词短语full of creativity做后置定语，使其变复杂了) ②I, the most considerate and handsome boy in the world, love you. (这句话通过给主语添加同位语the most considerate and handsome boy in the world使其变复杂了) ③I ，who is the most considerate and handsome boy in the world ，love you. (这句话通过给主语添加who引导的定语从句who is the most considerate and handsome boy in the world，使其变复杂了) 2.谓语的扩展 ①I love you with heart and soul. (这句话通过给谓语动词love添加介词短语with heart and soul作状语，使其变复杂了) ②I love you more than I can say. (这句话通过给谓语动词love添加比较状语从句more than I can say作程度状语，使其变复杂了) ③I love you, willing to do everything for you. (这句话通过给谓语动词添加分词短语作伴随状语，使其变复杂了) 3.宾语的扩展 ①I love the twenty-year-old you. (这句话通过给宾语添加形容词the twenty-year-old作定语，使其变复杂了) ②I love you, the smartest girl in the world. (这句话通过给宾语添加名词短语the smartest girl in the world作同位语，使其变复杂了) ③I love you who is the smartest girl in the world. (这句话通过给宾语添加who引导的定语从句who is the smartest girl in the world做定语，使其变复杂了) 主+谓+直接宾语+间接宾语 该句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语，即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语，也可以把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，但要加介词for或to。 My aunt bought me a computer.= My aunt bought a computer for me. 我阿姨给我买了一台电脑。 I passed him the salt.= I passed the salt to him. 我把盐递给他。 例：Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them---especially in America---the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity.（2007年text4）主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 宾语补足语是位于宾语之后，说明宾语的状态或特征的成分，多用于名词、形容词，不定式，现在分词来充当。 I heard Jean singing this morning. 我听到Jean早上在唱歌。 句中的Jean显