英语句型结构与句子成分划分.doc

英语句子成分与句型结构划分 一、句子成分划分 1 句子成分的分类 1.Subject (主语) The sun rises in the east. 2.Predicate.（谓语） We study English. 3. Object（宾语） We love China. 4. Predictive（表语） We are Chinese. 5.Attributive/Attribute（定语） This is a difficult problem. 6.Completement(补语) We elected him monitor. 7.Adverbial（状语） He runs fast. 8.Appositive（同位语） This is Miss Zou, my teacher. 9.Parenthesis（插入语） To be frank, I don’t agree with you. 1. 主语: 主语表示句子要说明的人或事物。一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。如 The students study hard. He usually goes to school at 7:30. One and one make two. To tell a lie is wrong. Learning a foreign language takes a long time. Who taught you English last year? 2. 谓语:说明主语的动作或状态。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致 (1) 由动词的各种时态语态表示。 1) He goes to school every day. 2) They are swimming. 3) She caught up with the others very quickly. 4) This kind of machine is made in China. (2) 由“情态动词+动词原形”表示。 We must work hard at English.The recorder can be repaired in two days. (3) 由“连系动词+表语”表示。My father is a doctor.He feels better today. 3. 表语: 表语和连系动词一起构成谓语，表示主语的性质、特征、身份等。一般由名词、形容词或相当于名词、形容词的词或短语充当。如 1) Her uncle is a teacher. 2) He became angry. 3) The weather is getting warmer and warmer.  4. 宾语: 动作的承受者。如 1) The child needs help. 2) They all helped us. 3) I hope to see you again 4) Tom likes swimming 5) My mother bought a skirt for me. （双宾语） 6) I’ll lend it to you tomorrow.（双宾）7) He gave me a map of the world. 双宾 有些及物动词需要两个宾语，一个指物，一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语，指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前，但为了强调间接宾语，可把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，这时要在间接宾语前加介词to或for. 5.宾语补足语：有些动词除需要一个宾语外，还得有一个宾语补足语，句子意义才能完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有主谓关系，这是宾语和宾语补足语的主要依据。如 1) We found the story quite interesting. 2) We asked him to help us. 3) I saw a child playing on the grass. 6. 定语: 定语修饰名词或代词。如 1) Our classroom is clean and bright. 2) The book here is very interesting. 3) The man in a brown jacket is